Stem Cell Research has the Potential to Alleviate Much...

In the words of former First Lady Nancy Reagan: â€Å"Embryonic stem cell research has the potential to alleviate so much suffering. Surely, by working together we can harness its life-giving potential.† Stem cell research shows so much promise to help people by treating diseases and other problems through therapy. While it seems as though the clear answer is that we should study stem cells as soon as possible, this is sadly not the case. Stem cell research is an ongoing controversy within politics and the courts because of the process by which embryonic stem cells are obtained. This conflict divides people on their moral and religious views: When does life begin? Because of this issue, there have been numerous court rulings deciding if and when stem cell study would be federally funded and even when stem cell studies would be allowed. These court rulings have significantly slowed down progress in stem cell research, and stem cell exploration will progress slowly if the govern ment doesn’t make stem cell research a priority. The best approach to stem cell research is to freely allow and support scientists to conduct further experimentation because knowledge and use of stem cells will only progress through experimentation. More financial support is needed to prove that stem cell treatments are successful, and if monetary support is provided many lives will be saved as the end result of the research. Stem cells are blank cells with the ability to divide unlimited times in cultureShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1025 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Should stem cell research be allowed? Stem cell research has been a major biological breakthrough in recent years. It has great potential to help people and ease suffering. But there is also a moral question raised about stem cell research, and that comes from the source of stem cells. Ever since Stem Cell research started, there has been much debate over whether or not it should be allowed. Some people are completely against stem cell research becauseRead MoreStem Cell Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesAdult stem cell are difficult to obtain and have a lower growth potential. Although they have a limited capacity to differentiate and they are compatible with adult tissue, you can only obtain a small amount of cells. An alternative would be obtaining stem cell from the umbilical cord, given the fact that are easily to obtain, they are compatible with other body tissue , they may have a limited capacity to differentiate but they are not a treat to the child life. Both these option offer a small amountRead MoreStem Cell Research Needs to Be Funded Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesA mother has developed Alzheimer’s, preventing her from having a normal relationship with her family. A newly born baby girl has a spinal cord issue, making for many years of rehabilitation ahead her. A diabetic wife struggles to take care of her household duties because of constantly having to monitor h er blood sugar and deal with insulin shots. With the development of stem cell research, and the more controversial embryonic stem cell research, every one of these instances could not only be curedRead MoreEssay Government Funding of Stem Cell Research775 Words   |  4 Pagesover embryonic stem cell research. In the weeks leading up to the election, polls were indicating that 47 percent of Bush supporters agreed that the destruction of embryo cells is unethical; however, 53 percent of Bush voters supported stem cell research. The overwhelming majority of Kerry backers also supported stem cell research, indicating that the majority of American voters support stem cell research. Embryonic stem cell research, while still in its infancy, has the potential to treat or perhapsRead MoreEssay on Human Embryonic Stem Cells 2138 Words   |  9 Pagesof a federal judge because of several issues that emerged with stem cell research being funded by the government. Although, the science of human embryonic stem cell is in its initial stages - there is much hope for scientific advancement due to the ability for human embryonic stem cells to grow into virtually various kinds of cells   Favorably, advocates for stem cell research and pharmaceutical companies strongly believe that stem cells may pave a way to discover new methods of treatment for devastatingRead MoreStem Cell Research1330 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Embryotic stem cell research has the potential to alleviate so much suffering. Surely, by working together we can harness its life-giving potential.† Nancy Reagan (Brainy Quote). Stem cells are cells that have the remarkable qualities to become any cell in the body. A stem cell begins as a â€Å"blank canvas† meaning it can end up as whatever the body, or scientist, needs it to be. There are three main types of stems cells: Embryotic stem cells, Adult stem cells, and Cord Blood stem cells. Adult stem cellsRead MoreMorality And Money : Stem Cell Research990 Words   |  4 PagesMoney: Stem Cell Research In 2001, with 22 human embryonic stem cell lines established, President George W. Bush signed legislation which prevented new, additional stem cell lines from being created and tightened restrictions on federal stem cell research funding. This legislation effectively constrained human embryonic stem cell research until 2009, when President Barack Obama reversed Bush’s legislation and relaxed the funding criteria. There are now 195 human embryonic stem cell linesRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells Pros And Cons1664 Words   |  7 Pagesexists. For years, researchers have been studying the miraculous potential of human embryonic stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells, also known as hESC, have the ability to develop into any kind of specialized cells in the human body, ranging from as simple as a skin cell to as complex as a neuron. This â€Å"miracle cure,† however, comes with a great cost; the stem cells have to be extracted from a human embryo, completely destroyin g it. Research institutions often obtain embryos either from abortion clinicsRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1416 Words   |  6 PagesDana Moua English IV 25 April 2016 Stem Cell Research What are stem cells? Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are found in multicellular organisms. The reason for scientist’s interest in stem cells is because of the possible applications of using them. These stem cells can be used to regrow organs/tissues. By using stem cells, scientists may be able to find cures for different cancers, certain genetic diseases, and different physical trauma damages. They can be used to treat a varietyRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe stem cell controversy has been going on for many years. The two basic controversies surrounding stem cell research is whether or not it is morally justifiable, and if stem cells will ever live up to the medical promises. Most of these controversies concern embryonic stem cells more than any other stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are unspecialized, but have the ability to divide and make specialized cells like muscles, nerves, and skin cells. These cells are found in t he early stage of human development

Hiv Genome Organization And Structure Essay - 2218 Words

HIV Genome Organization and Structure: The HIV-1 virion is approximately 120 nm in diameter, roughly spherical, and is composed of two copies of a single stranded positive sense RNA enclosed by a capsid (24). The HIV-1 genome is less than 10 kb and encodes for more than nine different gene products. It encodes for 3 major structural protein genes: gag (group-specific antigen), pol (DNA polymerase), and env (Envelope), which code for major structural proteins and essential enzymes. Gag generates the mature Gag protein matrix (MA or p17), capsid (CA or p24), nucleocapsid (NC or p7), and p6, which encompass proteins for the basic infrastructure of the virus such as the inner core of the viral particle (25). Pol encodes for reverse transcriptase (RT), which enables the virus to reproduce, integrase (IN), which is necessary to integrate the viral double stranded DNA into the host genome, RNAse H, and HIV protease, which are all encapsulated in the core of the inner particle formed by the viral capsid protein p24 (25). Env enco des for glycoproteins of the outer membrane such as outer gp120 (which enables the virus to attach and fuse to cells of the host), and transmembrane gp41 that anchors the glycoprotein complex to the surface of the virion (25). Between the core and the envelope is the HIV matrix proteins which are composed of the viral protein p17 (23). HIV-1 also encodes for proteins with important regulatory elements (tat (Trans-Activator of Transcription) and revShow MoreRelatedThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesimmunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) is the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is characterized by a severely compromised immune system and the occurrence of life-threatening opportunistic infections. The first cases of AIDS were documented in 1981 and the isolation of HIV from a patient was described two years later.1,2 Since then, HIV/AIDS has evolved into a global pandemic. According to a report from the Joint Unite d Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS published in 2016,Read MoreHIV: Biochemistry and Pathogenicity744 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿HIV: Biochemistry and Pathogenicity Since the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was discovered in 1983 by Francoise BarrÃÆ' ¨-Sinoussi and colleagues (reviewed by Weiss, 2013) an estimated 70 million people have been infected with this retrovirus (WHO, 2013). Of these, close to half have died of the clinical manifestation of the infection called AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Although tremendous progress has been made, including accurate testing of patients and donated blood, developmentRead MoreHiv And The World Health Organization Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesHIV/AIDS is an acronym that has become synonymous with the weakening of the human immunity system and has become a constant source of anguish for the infected and their families. According to the Center for Disease Control, more than 1.2 million people in the US are living with HIV. What may be worrying is that 1 in 8 persons are unaware of their positive status. Despite the number of new HIV diagnoses has decreasing by 19% between 2005 and 2 014, there is still a lot of unsightly statistics thatRead MoreMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome Report Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesother confirmed or suspected cases† (More MERS sources found). Middle East Respiratory Syndrome has a very broad host range structure. Its genome is similar to other coronaviruses, for two thirds of the 5’ of the genome encode non-structural proteins that are needed for viral genome replication. The 3’ one third of genome codes for structural genes that make the structure of the virion (spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins) and four accessory genes interspersed between the gene regionsRead MoreEpidemiology And Communicable Diseases : Human Immunodeficiency Virus1714 Words   |  7 Pagesimmunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV has been one of the largest epidemics in history. â€Å"HIV continues to be a major global health issue, having claimed more than 34 million lives so far. In 2014, 1.2 [980,000-1.6 million] million people died from HIV-related causes globally† (World Health Organization, 2015, n.p.). Having a good understanding of HIV will help epidemiologists in the long run to decrease the above numb ers. All in all, this paper will provide a brief description of HIV; provide an epidemiologicalRead MoreHiv Introduction10077 Words   |  41 PagesHIV From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search AIDS virus redirects here. For the computer virus, see AIDS (computer virus). For the village, see Hiv (village). For the administrative subdivision, see Hiv Rural District. HIV Classification and external resources Diagram of HIV ICD-10 B20-B24 ICD-9 042-044 OMIM 609423 MedlinePlus 000602 eMedicine article/783434 MeSH D006678 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) thatRead MoreHiv And The World Health Organization2028 Words   |  9 PagesHIV/AIDS is a an acronym that has become synonymous with the weakening of the human immunity system and has become a constant source of anguish for the infected and their families. According to the Center for Disease Control, more than 1.2 million people in the US are living with HIV. What may be worrying is that 1 in 8 persons are unaware of their positive status. Despite the number of new HIV diagnoses has decreasing by 19% between 2005 and 2014 , there is still a lot of unsightly statisticsRead MoreThe Threat Of Human Immune System1833 Words   |  8 Pagesperfection, in terms of pathogenicity. They are easily transmitted, replicate fast and are incredibly small. Viron particles have a very simple structure. They consist of a nucleic acid contained in a protein capsid which together forms the nucleocapsid. The capsi d enclosing the genetic material is encoded by few proteins forming usually an icosahedral structure. Some viruses have an additional coating layer, a membrane originating from a host cell inserted with glycoproteins adding to environmentalRead MorePersonal Statement In Population Biology739 Words   |  3 Pageshave started my research with applied probability in theoretical population biology and in statistical genetics during my PhD. However, during my postdoctoral work at the Emory University I started working in a completely different topic of developing HIV vaccine trial design and survival analysis. Soon afterwards during the early days of my Assistant Professorship at Georgia State University, I got exposed to an exciting field of research microarray data analysis. I found it to be fascinating to dealRead MoreEssay about The Science, Technology, and Ethics of HIV Vaccine Research4289 Words   |  18 PagesThe Science, Technology, and Ethics of HIV Vaccine Research An annual report recently released by the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS indicated that the number of HIV-infected individuals increased 10 percent in the last year, bringing the number of people worldwide who are now carrying the virus to over 33 million. According to the report, half of these new infections were in people15 to 24 years old, and there were 11 new infections a minute. Sub-Saharan Africa reportedly accounts

Lack of Respect towards Nurses-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an essay on lack of respect towards Nurses: Contemporary Nursing Issues. Answer: Although the nursing profession is the most trusted, polls and surveys prove that it is definitely not the most respected profession. Nurses suffer disrespect from physicians, patients, visitors, family members, colleagues, and even the hospital administrators. The saddest part of it all is that disrespect has been a tolerated culture in the medical profession by the management, administrators, and the public. In healthcare, disrespectful behavior can result in medical errors, increased healthcare costs and endangering patients safety (Johnstone 2016).This essay will explore how nurses are disrespected in their work places. The role of nurses has changed overtime- from subordinate role to that of independent stakeholders in the delivery of health care. The aim of this significant change is to improve on service delivery. Despite these significant changes in the healthcare delivery, there still exists the mindset and negative public perception on nurses causing them to be undervalued and disrespected. In most cases, nurses become easy targets of blaming and shaming for ineffective practice, which can be blame on dysfunctional and failing system. Based on this fact, nurses face disrespect in the course of their work. For instance, nurses are widely disrespected by their patients. When addressing or asking for assistance from nurses, patients order them around and very few remember to use the words please and thank you. One nurse claims that patients yell at her all the time for things that are completely out of her control. For instance, there was an incident whereby a male patient rang the bell and when she came around to see what he wanted, he screamed at her ordering her to switch off his light. The nurse responded by calmly telling, the patient that she would do so if he used the word pleases (Clearly, Hunt Horsfall 2015). In addition, family members of patients fail to show respect towards nurses. An instance of outrageous disrespect was witnessed when family members were yelling threats to a floor nurse when the supervisor informed them that the patient had contracted a bacterial infection. They were quoted saying, You havent seen crazy until youve seen me! Youd better get my mother out of this hospital before I get you out of the way (Johnstone 2015). The patient was taken to another hospital where she continued being given the same antibiotics as she was getting from the previous hospital. Another nurse reported that a daughter of one of her patients went off at her because her father, who had dementia, did not get the usual meal as he had chosen what he got. She yelled hatefully, You will address me with yes maam and that is all, do you understand me?(Randle 2016). Such attitude towards nurses can affect delivery of healthcare, which can lead to unfavorable clinical outcome. Additionally, there have also been cases of lack of respect for the nurses themselves. Many may not know this but it is a prevalent behavior in nursing that destroys and discourages teamwork. A certain nurse told her colleague that she could not take extra days to cover for her vacation because she was also feeling a little bit burnt out. The result was that she got her hair pulled thrice during her shift for failing to cover her colleague. In another case, when a fellow nurse asked for assistance the colleague rolled her eyes, folded her arms and walked away. Another ICU nurse had her patient crashing and when she asked for help, her coworker refused to say that she was going for her smoke break and had no time for incompetent nurses (Vagharseyyedin 2016).The most known cases of workplace disrespect experienced nurses are said to be hazing the new nurses. In one occasion, Cathy enquired about a certain medication from three experienced nurses standing by and she ended up wishing tha t she had not. The nurses openly laughed at her and started talking about her from a distance. She could hear them say that she was stupid and it was ridiculous for her to ask such a question. Incidences have been reported whereby a new nurse is assigned to the most difficult patient so that the rest can test her as if it is a rite of passage. However, the younger nurses are sometimes rude to the elderly nurses who may be having difficulty adapting to new technology. Some newer nurses pick on the older nurses for being slow; this can inhibit cooperation amongst nurses and thus preventing effective service delivery. They have the minimal experience yet they dictate to the defenseless older nurses claiming that they are now old and should retire (Hutchinson, Vickers, Wilkes, and Jackson 2014). Further, another common type of disrespect experienced by nurses is from the physicians. For a long time, nurses have been on the receiving end of extremely tempered doctors and have been treated with disrespect. Most of them have encountered doctors who are reluctant or entirely refuse to return their calls or answer their questions. Reports have been made of doctors scolding nurses, hurling demeaning insults and comments, threatening and even assaulting them physically. Others go as low as spreading malicious rumors to shame and humiliate nurses (Hayward, Bungay, Wolff, and MacDonald 2016). A journal reported that physicians roughly push nurses away in the operating room, throwing surgical instruments, pens, scissors, and stethoscopes at them. For instance, a surgeon threw a scalpel at a nurse out of anger because the nurse did not have a rare medical gadget that he needed. He ended up endangering the nurse and many other people including a weak patient by throwing a tantrum. Anest hesiologists told a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist that he could teach a monkey to do her job. Another surgeon was reported for throwing a bloody sponge at a nurse and yelling at her asking, Are you stupid or something? (Stevens 2017). In another incident, a nurse informed the physician that the patient was extremely anxious and was experiencing shortness of breath. Dismissively, the doctor instructed the nurse to give the patient some anti-anxiety drug and to take some of them herself. Later in the evening, the patient was rushed to the intensive care unit due to congestive heart failure. This would have been avoided if the doctor had examined the patient instead of being rude. Another nurse reported that the sponge count after an operation was inconsistent. The physician sarcastically said that an expensive x-ray would be done since the nurse was suffering from the obsessive-compulsive disorder. When the x-ray was carried out, the sponge was found inside the patient. Clearly, such nurses are in a hostile working environment while fearing for their well-being (Hendricks and Cope 2016). Such cases should be reported to the hospital administrators even if they appear to be trivial. However, this is often not the case, because the nurses are afraid that the administration will fail to punish doctors who generate income or garner media approval. They even fear that they might lose their jobs as retaliation from the involved physicians. Additionally, they worry that their colleagues will see them as whistleblowers or snitches. These fears are somehow justified due to the kind of double standards that protect the physicians and render nurses vulnerable. It has been reported that there are hospitals that have fired nurses who reported disrespectful doctors who endangered patients (Simons and Mawn 2014). In a certain instant, an ER doctor refused to try to save a man whose heart had stopped and the nurses reported the female doctor to the director. The director dismissed their complaints in an insulting way saying, Youre just jealous because the doctor is young and pretty (Davey 2015). Hospital administrators have been reported to disrespect nurses and instead of seeing them as the heroes they are, they view them as servants. In a certain undisclosed medical center, the administrators were trying to cut costs and they forced nurses to perform house-keeping chores. They risked cross-contamination by having the nurses handle patients and carry out duties such as emptying litter cans, sweeping, changing linens, and mopping (Winch, Henderson, Kay, Burridge, Livesay, and Sinnot 2014). In another hospital, nurses reported that they are charged for parking yet the physicians and technicians park for free. Some nurses have made complaints of managers who constantly criticize their work and humiliate them. Others have complained of being shouted at or marginalized. All this happens despite the fact that nurses are skilled and educated professionals and human beings who deserve appreciation and respect (Ebrahimi, Hassankhani, Crowley, Negarandeh, Sadeghian and Azizi 2016). Disrespectful gestures such as eye rolling, arms crossing, sarcasm, clicking, or raising eyebrows affect teamwork and are a source of conflict. Sometimes the disrespectful behavior is more direct and may involve name-calling, spitting, hitting, or making sexually inappropriate remarks. All this has a negative impact on patient safety and healthcare cost. The nurses who fall victim to such behavior end up being detached, they second-guess their qualifications and fail to be productive at work (Allen, Holland, and Reynolds 2015). Many healthcare managers ignore such conflicts among colleagues because they see them as time-consuming and exhausting. Administrators often view this as minor issues that should be dealt with by the Human Resource Department. Nurse to nurse conflict is rarely solved and instead, it runs underneath, undermining healthy relationships (Winch, Henderson, Kay, Burridge, Livesay and Sinnot 2014). A study conducted by Davey (2015) explained that a number of things could cause disrespect and rudeness among the hospital workforce. Some of the causes are excessive workload, lack of support, hierarchy, and culture. New nurses are the most vulnerable to this disruptive culture and 60% of them quit their positions within the first six months. The medical setting is one characterized by a lot of pressure but it is always important to mind the other persons feelings and show respect. The nursing profession particularly is a stressful one, since nurses are held accountable for all outcomes and are paid by the hour (Winch, Henderson, Kay, Burridge, Livesay, and Sinnot 2014). Additionally, they are given minimal or no representation when it comes to decision-making platforms. The feelings of frustration accompanied by an increasingly stressful and complex job can create situations whereby nurses project it to each other. Despite extensive research and creation of awareness of the disresp ectful culture, nurses are still not accorded the level of respect that they deserve (Johnson 2013). The consequences of failing to show respect to nurses are seen in the negative impact this has on the staffs well-being, safety, provision of quality care and retention. Nurses are dissatisfied with their jobs and they end up leaving their positions and taking early retirement causing a shortage of nurses. Therefore, it is important that all the healthcare members get an understanding of the causes and effects of lack of respect towards nurses. There should be strategies to reduce cases of disrespect such as having code words among the hospital faculty. For instance, there are hospitals who use the code words code white or code pink to stop a coworker who may be about to be disrespectful (Dambra, Amanda, and Diane 2015). In conclusion, it is evident that nurses are not shown respect in the operating rooms, emergency department, and floor nursing, in ICUs and in nursing homes. Physicians belittle and put them down with demeaning remarks, insults, and gestures. Hospital directors and managers turn their back on nurses when they report such cases and they show disrespect to them by viewing them as mere servants. Family members and patients rudely address the nurses and put the baseless blame on them when things go wrong. Among the nurses, the younger and veteran nurses both show each other disrespect on some level. This serves as a distraction to nurses, which can lead to an unfavorable clinical outcome. Nurses deserve respect for optimal provision of health care services; this can be achieved through public education on the role of nurses in healthcare and the need to change the negative perception on nurses. Reference List Allen, B. C., Holland, P. and Reynolds, R., 2015. The effect of bullying on burnout in nurses: the moderating role of psychological detachment. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(2), pp. 381-390. Clearly, M., Hunt, G. E., Horsfall, J., 2015. Identifying and addressing bullying in nursing. Issues in health and nursing, 31(5), pp. 331-335. Dambra, Amanda,M., and Diane, R., 2015. Incivility, retention and new graduate nurses: an integrated review of the literature. Journal of nursing management, 22(6), pp. 735-742. Davey, L., 2015. Nurses eating nurses: the caring profession which fails to nurture its own! Contemporary Nurse, 13(2-3), pp. 192-197. Ebrahimi, H., Hassankhani, H., Crowley, M., Negarandeh, R., Sadeghian, E. and Azizi, A., 2016. Vulnerability of Newly Graduated Nurses in Clinical Setting: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Medical Research Health Sciences, 5(9), pp. 68-77. Hayward, D., Bungay, V., Wolff, A. C. and MacDonald, V., 2016. A qualitative study of experienced nurses voluntary turnover: learning from their perspectives. Journal of clinical nursing, 25(9-10), pp. 1336-1345. Hendricks, J.M. and Cope, V.C., 2016. Generational diversity: what nurse managers need to know. Journal of advanced nursing, 69(3), pp. 717-725. Hutchinson, M., Vickers, M. H., Wilkes, L. and Jackson, D., 2014. A typology of bullying behaviors: the experiences of Australian nurses. Journal of clinical nursing, 19(15-16), pp. 2319-2328. Johnson, S.L., 2013. International perspectives on workplace bullying among nurses: a review. International nursing review, 56(1), pp. 34-40. Johnstone, M.J., 2015. The loss of common decency. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 23(5), p.23. Johnstone, M. J., 2016. Professional ethics, bullying and workplace cliques. Australian nursing and midwifery journal, 23(9), pp. 14-14. Randle, J., 2016. Bullying in the nursing profession. Journal of advanced nursing, 43(4), pp. 395-401. Simons, S. R. and Mawn, B., 2014. Bullying in the workplace-A qualitative study of newly licensed registered nurses, AAOHN journal, 58(7), pp. 305-311. Stevens, S., 2017. Nursing workforce retention: Challenging a bullying culture. Health Affairs, 21(5), pp. 189-193. Vagharseyyedin, S. A., 2016. Nurses perspectives on workplace mistreatment: A qualitative study. Nursing health sciences, 18(1), pp. 70-78. Winch, S., Henderson, A. J., Kay, M., Burridge, L. H., Livesay, G. J. and Sinnot, M.J., 2014. Understanding compassion literacy in nursing through clinical compassion. The journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 45(11), pp. 484-486.

Women and Equality Regina and Birdie free essay sample

The women in The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellma. This paper looks at the way feminist issues are put forward and portrayed in this American literary classic. It discusses the characters of the two leading women, one a confident alcoholic, the other a servile wife. It shows the different ways they act to get their feelings and opinions across and talks about the author?s subtle way of making readers question women?s equality. From the paper; For one to understand the machinations of the women in Lillian Hellman?s classic play The Little Foxes, one must have a cursory understanding of Hellman herself. The inspiration for the play was her life. She based the play?s characters on members of her mother?s family, the Newhouses. Like the Hubbards, the Newhouse family became wealthy around the turn of the century through exploitive business enterprises in the South. Hellman?s grandmother Sophie Newhouse, who must have been one tough lady, is represented in the character of Regina. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Equality: Regina and Birdie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hellman?s mother, Julia Newhouse, appears as the gentle, helpless Birdie (www.seasidemusictheater.org). Thus, Hellman, a woman of enormous contradictions, explores her own psyche, her concern for morality and women?s issues in the character depictions of Regina and Birdie.

Eric Holder - Press Conference Announcing 9/11 Suspects Trial in New York Civilian Court free essay sample

Richard Cory Essay

Richard Cory Essay The narrators in Edwin Arlington Robinsons poem, Richard Cory, are a few people who are standing near Cory as he walks down the street. They are going about their business when Richard Cory walks within visual range and is immediately discussed by the narrators. The town in which the story takes place in is essentially small. This sort of scenario would never take place in a larger city simply because there would be several people like Richard Cory, not just one. The people describe Cory as a very important man who is above anything petty, nearly regal. They find Cory to be everything they are not, and everything they desire to be. Richard Cory is a marvelous man who seems to be too good to be true. The first two lines of the poem suggest Richard Corys separation from the ordinary folk who are telling the story. Richard Corys presence on the street demands attention as soon as he is noticed. Just by looking at him, a person can tell that he is above everything else around him. The people describe themselves as just people on the pavement (591) as though Richard Cory is using some other means of transportation other than walking. Cory glittered when he walked (591) which looked to them as if he wasnt walking at all, just merely gliding to his destination while they view themselves as trudging up and down the same pavement on the way to their meaningless jobs. The next two lines tell what it is in his natural appearance that sets him off from everyone else around him. Cory is described as quietly arrayed, always human (591) which really makes him different from most people because he is a simple man who only speaks with meaning. A large majority of people speak, it seems, simply because they desire to hear the sound of their voice or they have nothing else to say. Richard Cory is obviously not one of these people. Whenever Richard Cory spoke, he did it for a purpose, or he didnt speak. Consequently, people respected him and it shows in the way the townspeople describe him and behave when they are in his presence. Chances are good that Cory didnt have many friends in this small community because most of the townsfolk were far too in awe of him to be his friend. There was a sense of Corys eventual downfall during these first three stanzas because everything Cory did, seemed to be too good. There is no possible way a normal human could carry himself so perfectly that it would draw the uninterrupted attention of everyone around him. The people telling the story acted as if an alarm had gone off and their idol was passing them by as soon as he was noticed. The following two lines in Robinsons poem mention Corys demeanor which elevates him even more over his fellow citizens. Cory apparently resembles a man who has no vanity and it appears that he does not desire to be in the spotlight of the town because he is very quiet, almost unsure of whether he deserves such recognition. Cory obviously knows that he is something special, yet he does not desire to be elevated to that level. Cory is also described more completely in the the third line of the third stanza as the people think that he was everything, To make us wish that we were in his place. (591) This says quite a bit for the man that Richard Cory was. It is very difficult to find a man so perfect, that people standing on the street observing him do not mention a single flaw. This would be especially true in Corys situation living in a small town where one would be almost certain to have one minor flaw worth describing. He is obviously a very humble man, almost too good to be true. The third stanza further describes the type of man Cory is and why the people who reside in his town think so highly of him. Cory is: richer than a king and admirably schooled in every grace. (591) The people want to be in his place. They think that he has everything, that nothing more would ever possibly be obtained from his wonderful life. Then, a single bullet shook the town and ruined the mindsets of the townspeople forever. Their superman, who never did a single thing wrong, had done the unthinkable. The eventual suicide which takes place at the end of the poem in the fourth stanza is not, or should not be, a surprise. The eventual demise of Corys psyche was expected at the end of the poem, he just couldnt be as perfect as what was described. There had to be something wrong. The townspeople simply assume that what he has going for him in life, would make anyone happy. People are not always what they seem. An extremely wealthy man who was admired and envied by those who knew him little and consider themselves less fortunate, commits suicide. As soon as the last two lines are read, And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, Went home and put a bullet through his head, (591) the people telling the story are immediately elevated. The entire poem up until that point their description of Richard Corys great life, and how rotten their lives had become. After the smoke clears from the barrel, those peoples lives dont seem so bad. Richard Corys entire life seemed entirely too good to be tru e, and it was. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Richard Cory topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

History and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Essay

History and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Essay Example With respect to the sages, Zhang Cong Zheng is one of the most notable. This paper will explore his works, theories and philosophies including his influence in the development of Chinese traditional medicine. Also known as Zhang Zi-he, Zhang Cong Zheng founded the Gong Xia Pai, which is the School of Attack and Precipitation or Purgation. Here, there was an emphasis on the approach to disease as caused by the presence of evil qi (Yang, 1993, pp.vii). This kind of qi involves those pathogenic factors that must be flushed out of the human body with the use of drugs and treatment, hence, the titular name of the school. Together with other great masters such as Liu Wansu, Li Gao and Zhu Zhenheng, Zhang Cong Zheng was able to further promote the Chinese traditional medicine, exploring it from different angles, enriching and expanding it in the process. Zhang Cong Zheng was born between 1156 and 1200 CE in He Jian, Hebei Province. The place and time is important because they underscore the influences to the sages philosophies that led to the school that he founded. First, he lived during the Jin-Yuan period and that the three other great masters were his contemporaries or close to his generation. What these all mean is that he was able to incorporate elements of treatment from his Jin-Yuan contemporaries. The great master Liu Wansu, for instance, was already dead during his time, but the sages cold/cooling method heavily influenced Zhang Cong Zhengs work. There were also protracted conflicts and plagues that marked the period, providing a new environment and, therefore, new requirements for medical treatment and practice. Zhang Cong Zheng is known for his purgation method, where treatment involves the inducement of pathogens in bodily processes. This works within an understanding of pathology based on the climatic qi of heaven and earth. According to Buck, Zhang Cong Zheng, through his purgation school improved on a Liu

LABOR LAWS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LABOR LAWS - Coursework Example It also compelled employers to collectively bargain on behalf of employees with unions. The Taft-Hartley Act outlawed unfair labor practices on the side of the trade unions such as wildcat strikes, jurisdictional strikes, and closed shops. The Landrum-Griffin bill dealt with the relationship between the union and its members. It provides for the reporting and disclosure of specific financial transactions and organizational practices of the labor unions and employers. The Railway Labor Act governs labor relations of employees and employers involved in the rail industry. It seeks to promote and uphold peace and order in the rail industry in order to avoid disruptions in interstate commerce. The Act imposes a duty upon all rail carriers and employees to make and maintain their agreements concerning working conditions, rates of pay, and rules. The carriers-employees relations are to be governed by written rules that are mutually agreed upon as well as binding equally on each party. In the case of a dispute, these Act mandates that representatives of the carrier and employees to be accorded equal responsibility to the dispute and hold meetings in an effort of settling the dispute. Also, the disputing parties should designate or choose their representatives without influence, interference or coercion to do so by either party. These representatives of both parties have an obligation to confer in respect of settling the dispute. Though these personal re presentatives, the Act guarantees employees the right to organize collectively and bargain. Further, it forbids carriers to sign any agreement or contract promising employees to join or not to join any labor organization. Each party has an obligation to give the other party a notice of at least 30 days of the desired change in working conditions, rules or rates of pay embodied in the contract. However, the carrier has no right to alter any part of the agreement

Living in the promised land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Living in the promised land - Essay Example In an interview segment one, Grace Kapuro a physician from Philippines living in America gives a viably different approach to life in America. She alluded that in Philippines she had an easy life compared to the life in America. She claimed that life in America could be described as busy life where one has to do all chores compared to Philippines where she could get house maids. The adjustment in language, foods, dressing and customs as she puts it, was not as easy but was worthwhile. In the career field in Philippines she was a doctor but had to do some academic adjustments to fit if the medical field in America which later became very fulfilling (Luis canjura.segment 1) According to Kapuro the Philams (Philipine Americans) were different from the Philippino immigrants in some aspect of maintaining culture. The immigrants had been able to maintain their culture but the American born Philippines had already been integrated into the American culture. After the adjustments the physician said America is the country filled with milk and honey (Luis canjura.segment 1) Benito Vergara argues that relocating to the United States for their own individual interest is a betrayal to the Philippines because they are only immigrating for their own material success. Grace grabbed the opportunity and struggled the first few years she settled in. Immigrating to America, Grace saw it as an opportunity because she wanted to fulfill her American dream (Luis canjura.segment 2). After settling in America, Grace petitioned for her husband later her father. For the majority of Filipinos, it is true that they immigrate to America for their financial requirements which according to Grace seemed different in the early years of living in America. Homesickness was a common feeling in America, based on the fact that America had own cultures, food, language and the busy life in the city (Vergers, 46). Grace stated that she attended public school where the ratio in the classroom

How the Classical Theory Pertains to Crime Prevention

How the Classical Theory Pertains to Crime Prevention The classical school of criminology is a group of thinkers of crime and punishment in the 18th century. The most prominent members, such as Cesare Beccaria, shared the idea that criminal behavior could be understood and controlled. The classical theory insisted that individuals are rational beings who pursue their own interests, trying to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. The following manuscript will cover three key concepts the origins of classical thought, popular forerunner of classical thought, Cesare Beccaria, and how the classical theory pertains to crime prevention. Lastly, the educational material will show that crime is caused by natural forces and the absence of effective punishment allows it to continue. With clearly defined laws, public punishment, and the elimination of judicial discretion crime can be prevented by deterrence. Crimes and Punishment: How the Classical Theory Pertains to Crime Prevention Criminology has six theoretical developments in its discipline. This essay will look into the classical school theory. The classical school of criminology has many parts such as the major principles of the classical school, forerunners of classical thought, and policy implications of the classical school. First, I will define classical theory as well as summarize the origins of classical thought. Next, I will explore one of the most popular forerunners of classical thought, Cesare Beccaria. Lastly, I will discuss how the classical theory pertains to crime prevention as well as how deterrence plays apart. Literature Review To properly compose a manuscript on how the classical theory pertains to crime prevention, classical theorist Beccarias work had to be examined. Many of the reforms that occurred in the 18th century can be ascribed to Beccaria (Newman Marongiu, 1990). Beccaria (1983), discussed that the more promptly the punishment follows the crime the more useful it will be. Martin, Mutchnick, and Austin (1990), states that the classical and neoclassical thought represents more a philosophy of justice than it does a theory of crime causation. Cohen and Felson (1979), suggested that lifestyles contribute significantly to both the volume and the type of crime found in any society. Thus, Reed and Yeager (1996), examined Gottfredson and Hirshis theory of crime, with particular respect to its applicability to organizational offending. Moriarty and Williams (1996), discussed the individual choice and a relative disregard for the role of social factors in crime causation, such as poverty, poor home environment, and inadequate socialization. Rational choice theory seems to assume that everyone is equally capable of making a rational decision; however, it depends on the personality of the individual (Tunnell, 1990). In dealing with punishment and how it deters crime it was necessary to look at studies. Although one might expect study results to show that the death penalty deters crime; however, it was found that the rates of murder committed between states that have eliminated the death penalty and those that retain it had little variation (Bailey, 1979). Sitze (2009), discusses how capital punishment presents a problem for the philosophy of law. Also, Sitze expands on Beccaria thought of how the death penalty is bad economy of power. Discussion Classical Theory The classical theory dominated crime theory during the late 1700s and the 1800s. The essential ideas of classical theory include individuals are rational beings who pursue their own interest, trying to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. Unless they are deterred by the threat of swift, certain, and appropriately severe punishments, they may commit crimes in their pursuit of self-interest (Martinetal, 1990). Classical theory argues that crime is caused by natural forces or forces of this world, such as the absence of effective punishments. Classical theory was developed in reaction to the harsh, corrupt, and often arbitrary nature of the legal system in the 1700s (Vold et al., 2002). Classical theorists were mainly interested in critiquing this system and offering proposals for its reform, but embedded in their arguments is a theory of criminal behavior. The circumstances of some individuals, then, may lead them to evaluate the potential pains of punishment and pleasures of crime differently than other individuals. Poor people, for example, may be less deterred by the pains of punishment and more attracted by the pleasures of crime (Beccaria, 1983). Classical theory assumes that people are rational and engage in crime to minimize their pain and maximize their pleasure. Some criminologists, however, argue that many offenders are not rational and that crime is not in their self-interest. Rather, they engage in crime because of forces beyond their control and they often suffer greatly because of their behavior (Vold et al., 2002). Classical theorists state that whether people engage in crime is largely dependent on the swiftness, certainty, and appropriateness of the punishments they face. Cesare Beccaria Cesare Beccaria was an 18th century Italian nobleman and economist. Beccaria was considered to most the father of Criminology. Because of Beccarias work he was the most important figure head of what is known as the Classical Theory. The 18th century was times in history were severe and often extreme punishment was enforced for crimes committed. During such a time in history Beccaria offered the theory of utility. Beccaria examined the causes of delinquent and criminal behavior, and by doing so was able to scientifically determine what causes such deviant behavior. Beccaria rejected the theories of the European Enlightenment which characterized the deviant behavior under the theories of naturalism and even demonology. Beccaria wanted to pass on the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment, by doing so these new theories passed on rationalism and humanitarianism (Martin et al., 1990). Beccaria set out to make punishment for committing crimes rational. He believed that there should be a hierarchy of punishment a scale determining what punishments is suitable for the behavior and/or intent. The scale of punishment would have set punishments for repeat offenders as well as for the more serious crimes. This would change how the death penalty was imposed. The scale of punishment, Beccaria was working on, would only impose the death penalty depending on the severity of the crime and not the act or acts of committing or involvement. Beccaria also believed that judges had to broad of discretion on which punishment to impose on what act of deviant behavior. Therefore, Beccaria favored specific punishments fitting each crime. He published an historic piece, An Essay on Crimes and Punishment, in 1764, to communicate his observations on the laws and justice system of his time. In the Essay, Beccaria distilled the notion of the social contract into the idea that laws are the c onditions under which independent and isolated men united to form a society. (Beccaria, 1983) Crime Preventions and Deterrence Deterrence theory most fully reflects the ideas of classical theory. Deterrence theorists argue that people are rational and pursue their own interests, attempting to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. They choose to engage in crime if they believe it is to their advantage. The best way to prevent crime, therefore, is through punishments that are swift, certain, and appropriately severe. Deterrence theorists, like classical theorists, focus primarily on the impact of official punishments on crime. Deterrence occurs when someone refrains from committing a crime because he or she fears the certainty, swiftness, and/or severity of formal legal punishment (Paternoster Bachman, 2001). Deterrence theory makes a distinction between two types of deterrence; specific and general. Specific deterrence refers to the idea that punishment reduces the crime of those specific people who are punished. So, punishing someone for a crime should reduce the likelihood of further crime by that person. Studies on general deterrence ask whether punishment deters crime among people in the general population. It has been argued that punishment may deter crime among those who are not punished. Therefore, deterrence through punishment is an effective way to prevent crime (Paternoster Piquero, 1995). Conclusion Throughout the essay classical theory, Cesare Beccaria, and deterrence has been explored in relation with one another. The manuscript disclosed that individuals are rational beings who pursue their own interests, trying to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. Classical theorist Cesare Beccaria determined that if the justice system reformed such as using rational penalties for crimes committed then such behavior could be deterred. The deterrence theory proved that people do refrain from committing crimes because of the fear of punishment. Therefore, the deterrence theory most fully reflects the ideas of classical theory.

Reading Report

From my experiences reading novels, dramas, poetry, and short stories, I think the purpose of fiction is to entertain; to provoke thought. I think students study fiction because it is very entertaining, and can teach many different lessons. People read fiction stones because it lets them get lost In a story that's not theirs. I believe people tell stones to express their Imagination and thoughts. B. A â€Å"take away† value I have learned from this concentration on fiction would be many life lessons. I feel Like the fiction stones we read In school relate to us somehow, and teach us lessons.They also teach us different vocabulary terms and how to use them. Reading stories Like Romeo and Juliet and Lice's Adventures In Wonderland also let us experience different types of literature. II. Nonfiction A. My English II class this year studied three very different examples of nonfiction. 1. The World Geography Textbook- Our geography textbook has a professional tone. The organization of the textbook had headers and sections, which makes finding the information you need easier to find. The purpose of this nonfiction is to inform. 2.The Burden of Womanhood- 3. MASS- This personal memoir about WIN has a serious, melancholy tone. The organization of this book is set up like a story, with pictures. I believe the purpose of MASS is to not only to inform about the events during WI, but to also entertain. B. Studying nonfiction in classes, such as an English II class, would be very beneficial. There are so many different values gained from studying nonfiction, such as how it helps develop critical thinking as well as literary skills, broadens students vocabulary ND world knowledge.Reading Report By theologically read fiction stories because it lets them get lost in a story that's not theirs. I believe people tell stories to express their imagination and thoughts. B. A â€Å"take away' value like the fiction stories we read in school relate to us somehow, and teach us lessons. Like Romeo and Juliet and Lice's Adventures in Wonderland also let us experience A. My English II class this year studied three very different examples of nonfiction. 1 . 3. MASS- This personal memoir about WI has a serious, melancholy tone.

Employment and Successful Pharmaceutical Company

According to one of PharmaCare’ patient:† PharmaCare is the BEST place to buy prescription drugs. In addition, to the excellent service by the workers at PharmaCare, you get a discount every time you purchase drugs. Cut you prescription cost now, buy at PharmaCare. † PharmaCare is an independent pharmacy chain based in Bel Air, Maryland. Pharmacare serves patients with traditional needs in addition to patients with special needs, such as psychiatric, substance abuse, HIV, and oncology patients. With its high customer service standards and a caring culture, Pharmacare is emerging as a regional leader.The stakeholders within PharmaCARE are all the individuals and groups that are affected by the company’s decisions. The stakeholders in this scenario include PharmaCARE, a successful pharmaceutical company, CompCARE, a subsidiary of PharmaCARE, Wellco, a large drugstore chain, the employees of the various companies, the African nation of Colberia and the Colberia ns. All of these stakeholders have a stake in the outcome. PharmaCARE is a successful pharmaceutical company that prides itself on being a reputable, caring and ethical company that enhances the quality of life for millions of people.However, if we take a close a look of Pharmacare way of doing business, we will understand that the company actually only cares about its profit margin. Many of the social problems in Colberia are caused by PharmaCare. PharmaCare actually destroyed the habitat and endangered the native species through extensive activities and business practices. PharmaCARE’s treatment of the people of Colberia is immoral, unethical and socially irresponsible. They are taking advantage of Colberia’s low standard of living and economic plight.These people are simply trying to earn a living. At the same time, the executives are living in the lap of luxury. The answer whether Allen could legally fire each of the three workers: Donna, Tom, and Ayesha is definit ely no. I do believe that these employees are protected by the public policy exception of the employee-at-will doctrine. â€Å"Employers should not be allowed to use their economic power over employees in a way that undermines the interests of the community or that is injurious to the public good.†If we analyze each case we will see that Allen has no legal right to fire Donna who filed for work compensation because her sickness is due to work conditions. The same would definitely go for Tom. Furthermore, we can say every employee has the right to file a complaint with Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Donna, Tom and Ayesha are all rank and file workers that have experienced negative conditions and situations at their place of work.Ayesha’s situation is kind a different though because she would have to prove that her ethnicity, race and or beliefs have kept her away from being promoted instead of her l ack of management. I do believe that she could be fired under the employment at will doctrine which allows an employer to fire anyone at anytime without reason. If I were Allen, I would make sure that all work orders are documented. Documents should specify that effort has been made If I were Allen I would consult with Human Resource and make sure all incidents at work are documented.The documentation needs to show that effort has been made to correct any safety violations. Allen needs to document and make sure his interviews with Ayesha were documented and that reviews of Ayesha’s work has been documented. Manager’s should make notes specifically about them and their work habits that support their skills or lack of certain skills so any claims of discrimination cannot support why an employee was not promoted or hired. Allen could definitely make sure that work orders are made to correct the mold problem in the facility.

20 Biology Dissertation Topic Ideas to Research the Issue to the Fullest

20 Biology Dissertation Topic Ideas to Research the Issue to the Fullest A dissertation is one of the most complicated and challenging academic assignments. This is not surprising. It gives a doctor’s degree or qualification profession. Consequently, this assignment is really demanding. Your first objective is to know all the criteria for your dissertation. A biology dissertation does not differ from any other kind of dissertations. The demands remain the same and you ought to complete them properly. Afterward, you should find out how to fulfill every stage. It’s quite possible that you’ll have to improve your writing quality. Of course, you ought to know the material properly. Biology is a very interesting and likewise difficult discipline. It studies the living world around us. Some subdivisions may be too complex for your understanding. However, if you have a choice of your topic, this may be your chance to escape complications. You should select a worthy topic, which is interesting and relevant to your audience and you. If you cannot select a theme, we can help you. Review our list of biology topics: How Can We Protect Flora and Fauna Species From Extinction? The Link Between Genetics and Obesity Could Be Ebola Used As a Biological Weapon? Is There Any Link Between Cancer Cases and Environmental Problems? Where Did Human Originate From? Did Life Really Exist on Mars? The Issue of Vaccination: Is It Dangerous for Children? The Most Effective Methods to Cope with Different forms of Viruses How Does Our DNA Affect Our Lifestyle and Behavior? How Can We Enhance Our Immunity In a Safe Way? The Main Ways Insects Spread Various Diseases What Viruses And Illnesses Can Be Spread by Birds? Which Dangerous Diseases Originate From Misfortunate Scientific Experiments? How Threatening The Extinction of Single Species for the Life in General Is? The Major Problems Associated with Rainforest Is It Really Possible to Stop a Dangerous Development of Global Warming? Why Do Scientists Divide Species Into Subgroups and How Is Classification Carried Out? The Influence of Hormones and Genes on the Human Development The Reasons Why the Process of Aging Occurs and How to Linger Its Progress Top Immunity Diseases, Which Attack Our Body Take these themes into your consideration. They are all diverse just like all those species in the animal and plant worlds. Some of them will be really close to the heart so that you could write about them with enthusiasm. Use these ideas to create original and relevant topics to find effective solutions as well as present interesting facts. Sample Essay: Reasons Why Animals and Plants Extinct At times, all we need is to see how to compose an assignment with our own eyes. The practice is not the same as the theory. Many theoretical aspects look good only when spoken. They are different when it comes to the writing process. Therefore, you should read some examples to understand how to put the things together. Unfortunately, more and more species of animals and plants are threatened and may potentially disappear. The history of our planet knows multiple grievous cases when we lost the representatives of flora and fauna. What can be done to prevent the extinction? This question should be on the mind of everyone. The humankind should protect animals and plants from extinction, and the first step is to realize the factors that lead to this terrible process. Scholars have grievous predictions. They believe there will take place another extinction of species before the year 2050. This was stated in National Geographic News. The reasons for that are various, and it’ll be triggered naturally and by the human factor. It is well-known that the disappearance of the slightest species may lead to destabilization of the natural processes, and the planet will go through a catastrophe. The negative reflection will be echoed for everyone. Undoubtedly, this process must be stopped at any cost. In order to succeed in this matter, we should understand the possible reasons. One of such is deforestation, which is caused by mass urbanization. People have no place to live in, and they cut the forest. Nevertheless, it leads to a loss of its habitats. Nearly 36 million acres of woods are being cut yearly. This is a huge mistake. Another factor is global warming. The so-called green effect negatively influences temperatures, which induce warming throughout the globe. In turn, this melts down ices and negatively affects plants and animals. Even 1 degree may carry danger. Besides, the amounts of carbon dioxide increase as well. Scholars theorize that the process may lead to the disappearance of 56,000 plant and 3,700 animal representatives. Another great mistake is the introduction of animals and plants that are not native in some regions. Our race wishes to spread them throughout the planet. Nevertheless, they cannot adapt to the new surroundings and pass away. Besides, overexploitation, likewise, makes its deadly contribution. The excess exploitation of definite areas leads the environment to exhaustion, which also kills many animals and plants. This should be done reasonably. All these facts show us that the human race destroys many representatives of flora and fauna. We should recognize and avoid such actions. There is still time to cure the damage done. It’s not possible to stop certain processes as they are needed for the surviving of the humanity. Nonetheless, some alternatives should resolve the issue. Try to remember this sample and craft the similar ones. Of course, one example may be not enough. You are welcome to read other effective samples on the biology themes. This provides you with additional information and helps to compose really meaningful and impressive dissertations. Don’t forget to improve your writing skills. Learn all academic demands concerning dissertation writing and work out every stage with a high level of dedication. Use universal tips to turn your dissertation into the real masterpiece. References: Gerken, J. 11 Animals That Are Now Extinct And It’s Our Fault. Huffingspost.com, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/11-extinct-animals_n_4078988.html, October 22, 2013 DellAmore. C. Species Extinction Happening 1,000 Times Faster Because of Humans?. Nationalgeographic, https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140529-conservation-science-animals-species-endangered-extinction/, May 30, 2014 ANIMAL EXTINCTION FACTS, Someinterestingfacts.net, https://someinterestingfacts.net/animal-extinction-facts/, 2018 One in five of worlds plant species at risk of extinction, Theguardian.com, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/10/one-in-five-of-worlds-plant-species-at-risk-of-extinction, May 10, 2016 Gailliard. T. What Causes the Extinction of Plants Animals?. Hunker.com, https://www.hunker.com/12407751/what-causes-the-extinction-of-plants-animals, 2015 Problem: Extinction of Plant and Animal Species. Webofcreation.ofg, webofcreation.org/Earth%20Problems/species.htm, 2015 TOP 10 ANIMALS IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION. Activesustainability.com, https://www.activesustainability.com/environment/top-10-animals-in-danger-of-extinction/, 2018

How to Write a Term Paper

How to Write a Term Paper Writing a term paper is something that many students see as a problem nowadays. With the increasing burden of homework and, sometimes, part-time jobs, students can hardly find the time to do such things. How to write a term paper? This is probably the first question that comes into the minds of students when they are about to write a term paper. In order to write a good term paper, keep in mind that the instructions given by the teacher are your main concern. Keep the following points in mind and follow these steps to write a good term paper: 1. Read your teacher’s instructions thoroughly and make sure you understand them; in case you have any kind of confusion, ask the teacher immediately. Do not hold this on to the next day or the days after it. 2. Read the teacher’s instructions again and try to remember them throughout the writing of your term paper. 3. One hard-and-fast rule in writing term papers is that always keep in mind; ‘tomorrow never comes’! Do what is to be done then and there and do not leave it off to future dates. You will get more time for revising this way. 4. Gather as much material as you can, giving special care to the books, websites etc. that the teacher has already mentioned. You should keep these after submitting the assignment for future reference. 5. Take good care of the presentation of your term paper. An easy to read font and font size and color make the assignment look a lot better. Add a figure, picture or photograph if required. After all, a book may not be judged by its cover but term papers surely are! For more information about term papers and help about how to write them, visit our website.

Children with Lupus have a more lethal form of kidney disease Assignment

Children with Lupus have a more lethal form of kidney disease - Assignment Example In that case, research study may contribute awareness and familiarity, as well as necessary action in handling patients, especially children, with lupus. Relevance of Kidney Disease in Children with Lupus Introduction Systematic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), or Lupus, in its simple term, is a chronic autoimmune disease. Autoimmune disease is an illness that occur when the body’s immune system becomes hyperactive and functions abnormally by attacking various normal and healthy tissues of the body. The body’s immune system is designed to fight bacterial agents and other foreign microbes, or antigens, that entered into human body. Under normal function, the body’s immune system produces antibodies that are made up of proteins to protect and fight the antigens such as viruses and bacteria. In lupus patients, the immune system produce abnormal antibodies in their blood. With abnormal antibodies, immune system is now unable to distinguish healthy tissues from antigens, th erefore the immune system will direct the antibodies against healthy tissues rather than the foreign infectious agents or antigens, causing swelling, pain, and damage to body tissues and organs such as skin, kidneys, blood, heart and lungs (Shiel & Stoppler, n.d.) . But how come kidneys are complicatedly affected? The normal function of kidneys are to remove waste materials from the human like creatinine and urea from the blood. Creatine is a subset of protein, wherein antibodies are also made up of protein. If the blood contains high levels of creatinine and urea, kidney weaken its function. That’s why if blood or protein in the urine is found during a urine test, it is a sign of kidney damage. Since immunity system of a lupus patient abnormally produce antibodies that are made up of protein, high level of it inside the body, especially in the blood will tend to a kidney failure. So, presumably children with lupus might develop kidney failure. Literature Review: According to research conducted by John Hopkins Children’s Center (2010), that in more than 98,000 children and adults with different kinds of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), those with lupus, Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), have a more lethal form of kidney disease. Researchers analyzed data specifically reports that â€Å"children with lupus kidney disease had more than twice (2.4 times) the risk of dying compared to children with other forms of kidney disease† (para.5). Research analysis was based on 98,483 ESKD patients, wherein 171 of them were children with lupus, with the record of 29 fatalities, while in non-lupus ESKD, among 3,276 children 316 died. The reported common cause of death was heart disease due to complication. Also, according to their research analysis, that among children with lupus, eighty percent suffer kidney disease, commonly called Lupus Nephritis, and with the recorded number of deaths seventy-five percent died of heart failure, mostly heart atta ck. Base on this statistical report seriously speaking, lupus and kidney disease is a deadly combination. Research analysis shows that the vital organs that are commonly and primarily affected by lupus are heart and kidneys. How does lupus affect our kidneys? Dr. Carl F. Anderson (2010) explained first how lupus manifest in one human body. Being an autoimmune disease, as I explained in my introduction, the body’s immune system mistakenly recognized our own tissue as pathogens. Thereby, our immune

War in Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

War in Iraq - Essay Example In essence, students are forced to wear uniforms that have two or three colors, for all the years they will be attending the school in question. As a result, their minds clog and rotate around the colors of their uniforms (Brunsma 77). School administrators may have the objective of making students look the same in terms of status while in school through wearing uniforms. However, this is ill conceived because students have diverse physiques, uniforms tend to force some students to be other individuals; it makes them take up a personality that they are not comfortable being (Brunsma 108). When students are given the opportunity of wearing whatever uniform they prefer; they experience freedom. Here, the students’ mind roams freely, in that instead of being limited by the two or three colors in the school uniform, they can wear clothes that are of various colors. In essence, school uniforms create mental prisons in students; their minds atrophy because they lack

Community Health Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Community Health Nursing - Essay Example Quality of life really depends upon not only what the family can do, but about what the community health nurse can impart to her patient. In the case of Mrs. Thomas, making her comfortable is going to be the nurse’s primary concern. It seems that Mrs. Thomas is on a regime that includes Vicodin, but she doesn’t seem approving of using medication for pain management. However, it is okay for the nurse to reassure Mrs. Thomas that this will help her make a smooth transition in the process in which she is going through. She is in a lot of pain, and managing the pain will definitely take a lot of pressure off of Mr. Thomas knowing that his wife feels better. Unfortunately, many times pain is undertreated by physicians in the U.S. Since Mrs. Thomas is a cancer patient, it only makes sense that she is going to feel badly with the metastasis of the cancer to her lung—and indeed, it probably is as painful as she has described to the nurse. However, not treating the pain i s going to leave Mrs. Thomas without other recourse, and in the process, Mr. Thomas may become severely affected, seeing his wife in pain and feeling powerless to do much about it. Therefore, the best decision seems to be to treat the pain. This is going to be the greatest help for Mrs. Thomas as she now goes through the dying process. B. Discuss three strategies that you could use in the Thomas’s situation to improve the quality of life for Mrs. Thomas and her husband during this illness. Community health nurses definitely can have a positive impact on being able to improve the quality of life for terminally ill patients such as Mrs. Thomas. According to Larsen and Lubkin (2009), â€Å"By evaluating the extent to which nursing interventions improve quality of life for clients and families, nurses are in a position to [help their clients with this]† (pp. 156). Of course, many times people may argue about what does quality of life mean. According to Sinclair (2007), â €Å"Referring to quality of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢its definition is notoriously problematic.’ The tendency toward superficiality in measurement of quality of life in palliative care has been [criticized]† (pp. 62). Three strategies that could be used in order to improve Mrs. Thomas’s quality of life would include the following: have her listen to music; make sure she has good hygiene and grooming; and making sure Mrs. Thomas has some visitors so she can get some social interaction, perhaps with her family members who live out-of-state. Music can be a quite calming factor, especially when one is not feeling well. Something light and airy, or classical music, might be especially soothing. In addition, Mrs. Thomas should be very well-groomed and be helped to maintain good personal hygiene so that she doesn’t get any kind of infection. Third, perhaps visits from her family members from out-of-state might be a nice touch, if the nurse could get in contact with th em and see if they’d like to visit her. Or, alternatively, the nurse might like to arrange a visit or two from a minister of Mrs. Thomas’s faith or a volunteer who cares for hospice patients. Volunteers who work in hospice might best serve Mrs. Thomas if at least one person came to see her on a regular basis so she could maintain some social contact with others outside her husband. C. Create a holistic nursing action plan appropriate for managing Mrs. Thomas’s care at home by doing the following: ? 1. Discuss ways to optimize Mrs. Thomas’

Will Texas Secede From the United States Essay Example for Free

Will Texas Secede From the United States Essay We live in a country that is splitting due to political differences. It is expected that some states may want to leave the United States in future years. Governor Rick Perry once said during his time as Texas state governor, â€Å"Here is what we know after more than a decade of Republican rule: Texas works. Even The New York Times let it slip into its pages that, Texas is the future† (Perry). Good morning, my name is Caleb Taylor and today I will be discussing with you why Texas is likely to secede from the United States. First let me begin with a brief preview of Texas history, in 1835 the rebels of Texas revolted against the oppressive Mexican government. Then one year later in 1836, after numerous skirmishes with the Mexican army including the battle of the Alamo, the incident of â€Å"Come and Take it† in Gonzales, and then the final victory at the Battle of San Jacinto Texas obtained it’s independence and earned the right to be a country. Then in 1845, Texas joined the United States because it was a middle ground between the raging Mexico and United States. Texas is capable of seceding and maintaining a country for three main reasons. First, due to booms in the amount of natural resources produced in Texas every year, the economy flourishes. Secondly, because Texas is such a large landmass with a substantially large population, the body count would be capable of maintaining a country. The third reason Texas is likely to secede from the nation, is because of Texan’s pride. Texas’ economy thrives due to natural resource productivity. The state proves to provide the United States with plentiful amounts of oil, gas, petroleum, and other crude oils annually per year. â€Å"In 2009, the U.S. Energy Information Administration estimated the states proved reserves at 529 million barrels† (U.S. Energy Information Administration). If Texas were to secede, Texan’s would be able to maintain billions of dollars through natural resource production alone that means that the other thousands of jobs would be a bonus to the Texas economy. The second reason why Texas would be successful in seceding from the United States is due to the amount of land and population in Texas. Texas is approximately 268,800 square miles, which is over 21 times bigger than the state of Maryland. There are also approximately 25,674,681 people in the Texas. The size of Texas proves to be large enough to be a country because as of 2010, Texas was bigger than 125 other countries in the world. The third and most important reason Texas will be able to secede from the nation is because Texan’s pride. The people who populate Texas are proud to be Texans. Texas is called the â€Å"Lone Star† state, â€Å"The nickname The Lone Star State originates from the star on the 1836 flag of the Republic of Texas† (State Symbols USA). Texas is the â€Å"Lone Star† state because it is the only state that was a country before it joined the United States. If Texas was a country before she was a state, who’s to say that she will not become a country again? In conclusion, it is possible that Texas could secede from the United States because of Texas’ thriving economy, the amount of land and population in Texas, and because of the amount of pride that Texan’s have for Texas. Thank you, and God Bless Texas. Work Cited List of Texas Natural Resources. Travel Tips. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2012. . Texas State Nickname The Lone Star State. Texas State Nickname The Lone Star State. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2012. . BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2012. .

Krakauers Into Thin Air and Boukreevs The Climb Essay -- Mountain Cl

Krakauer's Into Thin Air and Boukreev's The Climb On the day of May 10, 1996, several climbers were attempting to descend the slopes of Mount Everest in blizzard conditions: a time at which every moment mattered. Emerging from the pack, two climbers reached the safety of the tents of Camp Four before the majority of their teammates. Anatoli Boukreev and Jon Krakauer recounted the situation of that day in very different ways, but Krakauer seemed to portray Boukreev as an antagonist in his book, Into Thin Air. Boukreev proved in his own book, The Climb, that multiple actions called into question by Krakauer were in fact valuable steps that an experienced climber used in order to rescue clients in need. Krakauer repeatedly scolded Boukreev for not using supplemental oxygen above Camp Four during the summit push on May 10. Krakauer claimed that the lack of oxygen "didn't seem to be in their clients' best interests" (ITA, 186). The journalist seemed to be concerned that Boukreev, as a guide, should use oxygen because it would allow him to function more normally in the case of catastrophe. In fact, Boukreev disputed this point in The Climb, mentioning that he believed given proper acclimatization, it was safer to climb without oxygen. Krakauer himself suffered when he ran out of oxygen just before the South Summit: "entire sectors of my cerebral cortex seemed to have shut down altogether. Dizzy, fearing that I would black out, I was frantic to reach the South Summit." (ITA, 195) Boukreev believed that a climber who suddenly ran out of oxygen after consuming a tank would be in a much worse situation than one who had become used to climbing without gas at all. His decision not to use gas was primarily based on his past experience. Expedition leader Scott Fischer had allowed Boukreev to summit without oxygen, knowing that he had already reached the top of the world twice without it (ITA, 186). Fischer had even considered reaching the summit without oxygen himself. The Russian climber used the philosophy that "every ounce counts" while ascending a mountain; even the slightest extra weight would have a profound effect on the climbing ability of an individual. Though he did not use oxygen above Camp Four, Boukreev carried a single canister of oxygen with him in case of emergency; he gave it to fellow guide Neal Beidleman when the need arose. Since each canist... ... only a couple members to even attempt a rescue. These efforts were, for the most part, shrugged off by Krakauer. The Climb offers great detail of Boukreev's forays into the blizzard, and the resulting rescue of a group of climbers huddling together in the frigid temperatures. Both Charlotte Fox and Sandy Hill Pittman, members of the group, were close to dying; Boukreev quoted Lene Gammelgaard as saying, "Sandy very close [to dying]. Maybe if you will find, you will find her dead. And you need hurry." (Climb, 184) Boukreev single-handedly saved all members of the group except climber Yasuko Namba despite the intolerable conditions, a true testament to Boukreev's considerable experience and heroism. Anatoli Boukreev, despite Jon Krakauer's criticisms, was the most valuable member of the expeditions caught near the summit of Everest on May 10, 1996. His heroism and courage were recognized throughout the climbing community, and these traits warranted a receipt of the American Alpine Club's prestigious David A. Sowles Memorial Award. If more climbers in 1996 were as strong as Boukreev, all of the climbers who ascended in 1996 may have been able to descend safely from Mount Everest.

Home Recipe for Food Tech/Cooking Students †Fresh and Fried Spring Rolls Essay

Ingredients – makes 16 large spring rolls: 1 cup thinly sliced carrot 1 cup shredded Chinese cabbage 1 cup spring onions thinly sliced 1 cup mushrooms diced 1 1/2 cups thin rice noodles 16 sheets of defrosted spring roll pastry ( for fried spring rolls) 16 sheets of rice paper (for fresh spring rolls) 450g chicken mince (if making fried spring rolls) Method: Fried Spring Rolls: 1.Boil enough water to submerge the noodles and place both the water and noodles in a bowl to break them up and soften them. Let them soak for about 2-3 minutes. Remove with a colander. 2. Chop up all vegetables finely and mix together a long with the chicken and noodles in a large bowl. 3.Line up the spring roll pastry diagonally to you and put the mixture of veggies on the corner closest to you. 4.Roll the pastry up until you reach halfway. Fold in the corners and continue to roll. 5.Once you roll it until you have a little flap of pastry sticking out, wet it with a few drops of water to seal it to the rest of the roll. 6.Cook the spring rolls in the vegetable oil for 2-3 minutes until golden brown and crunchy. 7.Remove from oil and drain excess off via paper towel. 8.Serve the fried spring rolls with sweet chilli sauce for dipping. Fresh Vegetable Spring Rolls: 1.Place the noodles in warm water to soften them like you did with the noodles in step 1 of the fried spring rolls. Remove with a colander. 2.Place the rice paper in warm water after removing the noodles. 3.Follow steps 2-5 of the fried spring rolls recipe with the exception on using no chicken and substituting the pastry for the softened rice paper. 4.Serve with soy sauce.

“A Study on the Relationship between Overpopulation and Depletion of Natural Resources that Affects the Economic Status of the Philippines” Essay

In the year 1990, there were approximately 60.70 million people living in the Philippines. Population increased from 1990 to 2000 by approximately 15.81 million people. In 2012, the Philippines total reaches 103.78 million compared to the 2000 population of 81.16 million. The size of the human population is changing at an extremely high rate in the last years which makes the state the 12th most overpopulated country in the whole world. According to U.S. Agency for International Development (2000), it is foreseen that in the year 2030, the population growth will be unstoppable and will be doubled. Population matters in country’s economy. The rapid population growth is revealed to have both affirmative and undesirable impact on economy and financial system of a country depending on how it is utilized. An overpopulated country is said to produce great number in terms of human resources. Villegas (2010) stated that large population is â€Å"both a source of manpower and as a base for a domestic market on which the economic growth of a country can be sustained, despite periodic ups and downs in the global market.† It also points positive impact on economies of scale and specialization, the possible spur to favorable motivation caused by increased dependency. However, overpopulation and rapid population growth hinders economic development. Theoretical analysis contends that high population growth creates pressures on limited natural resources. If population grows at 2% a year, supplies of housing, food and other goods must increase that much just to maintain the current standard of living. Water Resources Water is a basic economic resource which is a natural endowment to man. Nowadays, it is becoming a scarce resource with the ever-growing demand for household and industrial consumption. As an economic resource, pricing of water is largely determined by the cost of extraction from its natural water supply source and the cost of distribution. Water is likewise a basic need for the survival of individuals and family households. Many health and morbidity problems are associated with the quality and availability of water for human consumption. With the ever increasing population, the demand for potable water in urban areas has also increased, while the water sources began to decline over time. Water pollution is a major reason for the decreased availability of and access to clean potable water. This was the observation made by Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) Senior Research Fellow Dr. Danilo Israel whose review imputes poor management of freshwater water resources, particularly in the area of water pollution. He says that while freshwater is abundant in the country, estimates show that only 39 percent of classified inland surface water bodies are potential water sources for domestic use. Based on further estimates, he also said that only 1,907 cubic meters (the second lowest among Southeast Asian countries) of freshwater are available to every Filipino annually. This predicament, according to Israel, is further exacerbated by water pollution. Access to clean and adequate water remains an acute seasonal problem in urban and coastal areas in the Philippines. The National Capital Region (Metro Manila), Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, and Central Visayas are the four urban critical regions in terms of water quality and quantity. If this trend continues, more Filipinos will not have enough access to safe-drinking water especially since demand for clean water constantly increases with population growth. As a consequence, the country may not attain the Millennium Development Goal that at least 86.6 percent of the population should have adequate access to potable water by 2015. Cleanfreshwater is a vital natural resource and without its ample supply, the lives and health of people could be put to risk. Specifically, there is a positive relationship between water pollution and water-borne diseases. The World Bank, for instance, has estimated that exposure to water pollution and poor sanitation accounts for one-sixth of reported disease cases, and nearly 6,000 premature deaths per year. Additionally, just over a third or 36 percent of the country’s river systems are classified as sources of public water supply. Up to 58 percent of groundwater sampled is contaminated with coli form and needs treatment. Land Resources Land resources refer to a delineable area of the earth’s terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface, including those of the near-surface, climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps), the near-surface sedimentary layers and associated groundwater and geohydrological reserve, the plant and animal populations, the human settlement pattern and physical results of past and present human activity (terracing, water storage or drainage structures, roads, buildings, etc.) (FAO/UNEP, 1997). Arable land (suitable for growing crops) covers just three percent of the world’s surface. Based on historical data arable land decreases by 25 million acres annually – it is estimated that one hectare (one hectare equals 2.47 acres) of productive land is lost every 7.67 seconds. The greatest causes of lost productive land are desertification and urbanization. New deserts are growing at a rate of 51,800 square kilometers per year. As the dwindling forest cover, logically increases rainfall runoff, which favors the floods, soil erosion and reduces the amount that seeps into the ground to recharge aquifers. Wetlands often disappear in bits and pieces as developers fill in small ponds or parts of swamps and deltas. The cumulative effect, however, can be devastating for wildlife and people. In some states, more than 90 percent of wetlands have vanished. Wetlands not only support wildlife but also filter the drinking supply humans rely on. Half of the planet’s plant and animal species live in rainforests. Less than 2.5 billion acres of tropical forest remain from the four billion acres on Earth just a few hundred years ago. That translates to a huge loss of habitat, and the likely extinction of untold species. Most of the deforestation has occurred in the last few decades. There are many causes of habitat destruction, including logging, mining, oil drilling, and exploiting other natural resources; clearing land for agriculture and cattle ranches; development for residential areas; and roads for people to do all these activities. If the present rate of destruction continues, today’s forests will be gone by the year 2081. The total land area of the Philippines is about 30 million hectares, half of which is classified as forestlands, 47% as alienable and disposable lands, and the remaining 3% as unclassified forestlands. Logging has seriously depleted forest cover since the early 20th century. And there are more problems arising from the reduction of forest cover, as they will facilitate access to forest roads to pick up lumber, etc., They become drier and more susceptible to fires, which further reduces more wooded area and this, in turn, makes less rainwater to seep into the ground. Agricultural Resources As human population expands, the damaging effects on the environment multiply. Fast depletion of natural resources is just one of the effects of overpopulation. In our relentless effort to quench our never ending needs, we have destroyed the habitat of so many flora and fauna that this planet had nurtured to near perfection, through billions of years of evolution. The central issue for us over the next few decades is not climate change or the global financial crisis – it is whether humanity can achieve and sustain the enormous harvest we need from this planet to feed ourselves. The earth is only capable of sustaining a certain amount of life. As the population continues to rise, the supply of food will continue to dwindle. We can only produce a fixed amount of food with the resources we have. The rising number of humans also necessitates further land for them to use as habitation. Therefore, the more land used for us to live on, the fewer land is available for farming. It is a vicious circle which has no end if the population growth is not curbed. The food consumed by human is influenced by wide range of cultural and individual differences, mainly due to ecological as well as personal reasons. The source of much of the food consumed by man is terrestrial agricultural, which represents the most manipulated of all the non-urban ecosystems. There are two main types of agriculture (1) Crop agriculture in which plant production is harvested for use by man and (2) Animal agricultural where a crop from highly manipulated ecosystem is fed to domesticated animals. Food consumption pattern is different in different regions. The most important feature is that rice to the staple food for most Asians. In general a strong and healthy human consumes about 1.4 kg of food every day. Such a food serves as a source of energy and replacement of uses. Statement of the Problem The study focused on the relationship between overpopulation and depletion of natural resources that affects the economic status of the Philippines. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions: 1. How does overpopulation affects our natural resources such as: a. Water b. Land; and c. Agriculture 2. How the environmental impacts due to overpopulation do affects the economy of the Philippines? Objectives of the Study The study intended to investigate and to improve the understanding on the relationship between overpopulation and depletion of natural resources that affects the economic status of the Philippines. More specifically, the objectives are: 1. To evaluate the effects of overpopulation on natural resources such as water, land and agriculture. 2. To determine the effects of depletion of natural resources due to overpopulation on economy of the Philippines. Significance of the Study The basic definition of economics is choice under scarcity. Economists like to study how scarcity of resources and the differences in the distribution of these resources affect decisions made by the people. This concept can be applied and is significant to a single person, a family or a country. Natural resources are not only in the Philippines, but also in the whole wide world are limited and scarce. Water, for example, a lot of people need it but there is a limited amount of it, and so they see a market develop for it. In addition there are things like land and labor. If people could all have whatever they wanted, there would be no need to ration or trade, and therefore, there will be no Economics. Another, the management of natural resources is one of the most critical challenges facing the developing countries of today. The exploitation of high-value natural resources, including oil, gas, minerals and timber has often been cited as a key factor in triggering, escalating or sustaining violent conflicts around the globe. Furthermore, increasing competition and conflict for diminishing renewable resources, such as land and water, is on the rise. This is being further aggravated by environmental degradation, population growth and climate change. The mismanagement of natural resources is contributing to new conflicts and obstructing the peaceful resolution of existing ones. This study is substantial to all the sectors of the economy, may it be the government, the private firms or the commoners and the residents of every country. This will give them the proper knowledge about how population affects the limited natural resources. Aside from being an informed citizen, this study aims and is significant to make a difference. This research is a qualitative research and not an action. There will be no particular question to be asked and no certain acts to do. But due to this paper, the readers will think and give ideas within themselves on how to preserve the natural resources and not ruining it. This is important to give standing to the issues concerning different aspects of the economy. Definition of Terms Economics – A social science that studies how individuals, governments, firms and nations make choices on allocating scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants Macroeconomics – concentrates on the behavior of the aggregate economy Microeconomics – focuses on individual consumers. Overpopulation – is a term that refers to a condition by which the population density enlarges to a limit that provokes the environmental deterioration, a remarkable decline in the quality of life, or a population collapse. Population density – denotes the number of inhabitants dwelling in a specific area, for example: 100 inhabitants per square Kilometer. Natural resources – is resources occurring in nature that can be used to create wealth. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – is the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year, equal to total consumer, investment and government spending, plus the value of exports, minus the value of imports. Gross National Product (GNP) – is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a particular year, plus income earned by its citizens (including income of those located abroad), minus income of non-residents located in that country. Desertification – is the conversion of grassland or an already arid land into a desert through indiscriminate human actions magnified by droughts. Resources depletion – an economic term referring to the exhaustion of raw materials within a region Chapter II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK This chapter provides a framework for understanding the relationship between overpopulation and the natural resources. Figure 1.1 The Variable and its Relationship Economics deals with the efficient allocation of limited resources to satisfy the unlimited consumption of the citizens. Governments intervene on balancing scarce resources through mechanisms such us price rationing system. They can facilitate economic activity in certain geographic regions. There is a direct relationship between population and resources. Figure 1.1 shows different variables in the study, population as the independent and natural resources such as land, agriculture and water as dependent variable. This study will provide sufficient knowledge on the effects of great population in the Philippines to the limited and scarce resources that the country is facing. Moreover, it will suggest some solutions on how it will be efficiently allocated to the citizens of the country. Philippines, as one of the developing countries, contributes on the worldly economic activities, thus, making its own economy create a great impact on the economy of the world. Chapter III RELATED STUDIES The Philippines is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea, on the south by the Sulu and Celebes seas, on the west by the South China Sea, and on the north by Luzon Strait. The Philippine Islands lie off the southeastern coast of the Asian mainland, across the South China Sea from Vietnam and China. The shortest distance to the mainland, from the northern Philippines to Hong Kong, is about 805 km (500 mi). The Philippine Islands extend about 1,850 km (1,150 mi) from north to south (between Taiwan and Borneo Island) and about 1,100 km (700 mi) from east to west. Malaysia and Indonesia, which each hold territory on Borneo, are the republic’s closest political neighbors. The Philippines covers a total area, not including its extensive coastal waters, of 300,000 sq km (116,000 sq mi). More than 7,100 islands and islets are included in the Philippine archipelago. The 11 largest islands make up more than 90 percent of the total area. Only about 460 islands are larger than 2.6 sq km (1 sq mi), and about 1,000 are populated. The Philippines has extensive mineral deposits of copper, gold, silver, nickel, lead, and chromium. Other important, but less plentiful, deposits of zinc, cobalt, and manganese also exist. Copper has been mined extensively and is the leading mineral product, but many of the country’s mineral resources remain unexploited. The Philippines has limited offshore petroleum and natural gas reserves. About 19 percent of the Philippines is forested. Logging has seriously depleted forest cover since the early 20th century. The Philippine waters are abundant with many varieties of fish, which are an important natural resource as a staple of the Philippine diet and an export commodity. Johnson (2012) stated that one thing all humans on this planet need to survive is resources. Resources like food and water are bare essentials for life. The countries that are experiencing the highest growth rates are all developing countries, with the exception of the United States. This countries lack the technology that other developed countries have and therefore things we consider basic they have never used. We watch our televisions everyday while they may have never seen a TV before. They also lack the basics that we take for granted like indoor plumbing. Some countries water supply is the same as their sewage. India has one of the fastest growing populations in the world and the Ganges River shows their lack of resources available to the people of India. The Ganges is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It supports over 400 million people with a population density of 1,000 people per square mile. India is an example of developing country that has a rise in its population growth rate. It cannot support its population now; many of the people in India are forced to bathe in the Ganges because they have no access to any other water source. If this population continues to grow the river will continue to get more and more polluted making it unsafe for the millions of people that rely on it. This is not the only place in the world that the larger populations are supported by limited resources. Along with the people in India relying on the Ganges over three fifths of people in developing countries lack basic sanitation, one third have no access to clean water, and a quarter lack adequate housing. More often than not the places where the population growth rates are the highest are the places least able to support the rise in population. Only the United States can continue to support one of the world’s largest populations because we are a developed country and the increase comes mostly from immigration. These countries that continue to grow, despite being limited in resources, are the biggest areas of deforestation and depletion of natural resources. These areas lack strong government and are unable to enforce the depletion of resources. The United Nations predict that currently 1 billion people lack the basic needs that we take for granted every day. With a lack of technology developing countries will continue to destroy resources at an alarming rate while many struggle to survive every day. Freshwater is the most fundamental of finite resources. It has no substitutes for most uses and is expensive to transport. But freshwater sources are dwindling or becoming contaminated throughout the world. Chronic or acute water shortage is increasingly common in many countries with fast-growing populations, becoming a potential source of conflict. However, existing technologies offer great potential for improving on the efficiency of its use. Based from the study of Walden Bello, the state of the economy, even some of the administration’s friends have pointed out, is a thin reed on which to rest. In a recent article, Peter Wallace, an influential consultant, deconstructed the 7.3 per cent growth rate recorded for the Philippines in 2007, showing that the figure is actually a statistical fluke that stems from the way the measure Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is computed. The figure actually masks something negative: the fall of imports by 5.4 per cent. â€Å"So because we had less imports, GDP looked good,† Wallace says. â€Å"From where I sit, that does not indicate a strong, growing economy, the best in 31 years.† With no less irony, the World Bank agrees: â€Å"Remarkably, weaker import growth made the largest 1arithmetical contribution to the growth acceleration in 2000-07 compared to 1990-99.† It added that this was not â€Å"consistent with sustained fast growth in the longer term.† The reality, Wallace points out, is indicated by the same brutal numbers: more poor people in 2007 than in 2000, more people without jobs, a real decline in average family income, the shrinking of the middle class as more people jump ship and swim to other shores. â€Å"Notwithstanding higher growth,† the World Bank chimes in, â€Å"the latest official poverty estimates show that between 2003 and 2006, when GDP growth averaged 5.4 per cent, poverty incidence increased from 30.0 to 32.9 per cent. This level of poverty incidence is almost as high as it was in 2000 (33 per cent). Indeed the magnitude of poor Filipinos rose to its highest level in 2006: of a population of 84 million in 2006, 27.6 million Filipinos fell below the national poverty threshold of P15, 057.† If you pop the famous â€Å"Ronald Reagan† question to most Filipinos—â€Å"Do you feel better off now than four years ago†Ã¢â‚¬â€there is no doubt about how they would answer. For many people, the main problem confronting the economy is spelled G-MA. But for those who have spent time studying the Philippine economy, Arroyo is not the problem, but part of a bigger problem that extends far into the recent past. The collective responsibility of the last five administrations for our economic malfunctioning becomes stark when viewed in a comparative context. According to the latest Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), with the growth in GDP per capita averaging 1.6 per cent per annum in the period 1990 to 2005, the Philippines’ economic growth record was the worst in Southeast Asia, with even all the so-called lower-tier ASEAN countries significantly to outstripping it. Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The world’s population reached over 6.60 billion in July 2007 and will reach 6.68 billion by July this year and 7.00 billion by July 2012 (according to CIA estimates). Countries with large populations and few food resources or poor food distribution programs could end up becoming desperate refugees moving to their neighboring countries. One out of every seven people alive, go to bed hungry. Every day, 25,000 people die because of malnutrition and hunger-related diseases. Almost 18,000 of them are children under 5 years old. Figure 4.1 Population in the Philippines The figure above shows the increasing population of the Philippines. From approximately 80 million, the population increases up to 100 million. As population increases, natural resources also get used up faster than they can be replaced. This can result on economic pressure and interrelated web of global environmental problems such as resources depletion. Problem no. 1 How does overpopulation affects our natural resources such as water, land and agriculture. Population and Water Resources Population influences the freshwater resources, its quality and supply, in both rural and urban areas through demands for water and human activities such as irrigation. One major consequence of overpopulation has been the outstanding usage of freshwater, thus leading to a major freshwater crisis that will definitely affect the future of our planet. It is also domineering to see the whole issue in perspective and how the increasing number of people in the surface of the Earth is relative to the amount of waste being produced. Hence, the constant pollution of the environment, along with bodies of water has exponentially decreased the quantity of usable water for the future of our generations. This has critically been an issue because the oceans are mistaken for available water, but in actuality, the Earth has a finite supply of fresh water which in order to be converted from saline water to potable water, the amount of energy needed is prohibited. Thus water has become quite a scare commodity that few countries and civilizations seem to take into consideration. The National Water Resources Board under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in Philippines is responsible for ensuring the optimum exploitation, utilization, development, conservation and protection of the country’s water resource, consistent with the principles of Integrated Water Resource Management. The country is endowed with rich natural resources – including water – which are essential for the country’s economic development and in meeting its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Water resources of the Philippines include inland freshwater (rivers, lakes, and groundwater), and marine (bay, coastal, and oceanic waters). Overall, there is sufficient water but not enough in highly populated areas, especially during dry season. Citing the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), Israel explains that the number of monitored freshwater bodies which failed the standard in terms of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) has been increasing significantly at average annual rates of 22.90 percent and 22.30 percent, respectively, from 2000 to 2007. Likewise, he explains that many freshwater bodies, especially those in urban areas, have been contaminated with suspended solids, heavy metals and other harmful chemicals. Population and Land Resources According to Higgins (1982), carrying capacity presumes that there are critical levels of population that any given land area can support. This level is determined by soil and climatic conditions. The carrying capacity and population has a direct relationship. When population increases in a given area, the increased demand on production can induce stress and consequent degradation of the land resource. As population grows continuously, the space in a given place remains constant, thus, making it limited. Land resources can also be limited because of land problems and imbalance. In the past 100 years the world has lost almost half its forest area. And, as indicated by reports of the FAO (Food and Agriculture) the Earth is losing on net every year 11.2 million hectares of virgin forest. This is reportedly the World Wildlife Fund, mainly due to its use as an energy source (about 2000 million people worldwide depend on wood as fuel) of agricultural and livestock expansion and mining and logging companies activities, often beyond control. Population and Agriculture Some theories propose that population growth would outrun the ability to produce food, thus, leading this to famine, disease, and other disasters. The use of land, specifically in agriculture, is an essential part of humanity. We depend on agriculture to supply us with food, fiber and biofuels. Without a highly efficient, progressive, and productive agricultural system, our society would collapse and cease to function. As the population grows and grows continuously, we are demanding more and more from the agricultural systems, pushing them to their limits. At this rate, we would have to double, or triple the agricultural production in our economy. The rapid increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization has also adversely affected the quality of water, especially in densely populated areas and regions of industrial and agricultural activities. The discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff has caused extensive pollution of the receiving water-bodies. Problem no. 2 How the environmental impacts due to overpopulation do affects the economy of the Philippines? As the population grows, it pushes the GDP per capita of a nation down. While the government tries to meet the needs of its people, with increase in population, the demand for resources keeps growing. With not enough food to take care of its men, such countries can’t even think of producing surplus to export and with this starts the vicious cycle of relying on foreign debt. With more people and less resources, there is unemployment that leads to poverty and increased crime rate. Shrinking habitat is giving rise to increased conflict between man and animals. As the borders between forests and human settlements gets blurred by the day, human beings are being exposed to viruses that are carried by wild animals who have the immunity that we lack. This is precipitating in newer and more virulent strains of microorganisms causing serious diseases in human beings. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The human population has been increasing at an extremely high rate in the last century and unfortunately, not much has been done to slow down this process. Undoubtedly, overpopulation is a global issue. It is global because it pertains to all of humanity, but global also means that it affects the whole world, i.e. the environment. Almost all human activities impact negatively the environment in one form or another, and as human population expands, the damaging effects on the environment multiply. As the population grows, it pushes the GDP per capita of a nation down. While the government tries to meet the needs of its people, with increase in population, the demand for resources keeps growing. With not enough food to take care of its men, such countries can’t even think of producing surplus to export and with this starts the vicious cycle of relying on foreign debt. This puts the country in debt at stretches the government’s already meager resources. Furthermore, when a country is overpopulated, there is a high rate of unemployment because there just aren’t enough jobs to support the population. This results in a high level of crime because the people will need to steal things in order to survive. As natural resources become scarce, the production is bound to decrease. However, in a crowded society, demand remains strong. This causes the prices of goods increase, in order to balance supply and demand. However, a price change cannot suddenly reduce the need for a large population of. Therefore, prices remain high and continue to grow even as people consume expensive products. The depletion of natural resources is one of the most critical problems of the global community is facing, especially after the sharp increase in world population over the last century. Each person has a number of vital (food, drink, clothing) and non-life (education, employment, recreation) needs, which all require the consumption of Earth’s resources. When the number of people applying to these needs becomes extremely high, the shortage becomes a critical problem in extreme cases can cause a â€Å"Malthusian catastrophe† According to the theory of overpopulation advanced by Enlightenment demographer Thomas Robert Malthus, Malthusian catastrophe is an event which results from a period of unchecked population growth. Many determining factors build the success or demise of a country. Our forefathers have created that successful nation with blood and sweat, through trials and tribulations. It is up to this generation to ensure the advantageous outlook of this country for our future offspring. This population difficulty casts an impending downfall for our country and must be stopped. Research and analysis need to be performed, consequently summarizing the most favorable actions to be taken. These actions then need to be embraced by state and federal governments, who in turn need to be aggressive in enacting firm and dynamic policies to thwart this crisis. Food shortage will be prevented or lessened if we quickly stabilize population and find some as-yet-discovered agricultural advancement. Overpopulation causes rural farming people to outgrow their lands, so the grown children move to cities. Urbanization eats up farmland, reducing crop production. Also growing seasons are becoming hotter, so many crops fail due to heat and drought. Overuse of the soils caused by overpopulation leads poor nourishment for crops and eventually desertification. Overpopulation draws on available water to the point that there is not enough to water crops. REFERENCES Herrin, A. Population and Development Research in the Philippines: A Survey. Retrieved from: http://www.pids.gov.ph/index2.php?pr=81 Trade Chakra.(2008).Water Resources in Philippines. Retrieved from:http://www.tradechakra.com/economy/philippines/water-resources-in-philippines-267.php Candelaria,A.P.(1996). Assessing the Potable Water Consumption in the Urban Barangays of Sto. Domingo, Albay Province, Philippines. Retrieved from: http://www.arsa1996.org/pictures/pdf/ARSA_IV_PRCDGS_VOL1/SOCIAL%20CHANGE%20AND%20TRANSFORMATION/13_Candelaria_429-443.pdf Food and Agriculture Organization.(1997). Land Resources, Management, Planning and Use. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/nr/land/lr-home/en/ Countries Quest. Land and Resources, Natural Resources. Retrieved from: http://www.countriesquest.com/asia/philippines/land_and_resources/natural_resources.htm Wills,R.(October 2012). Resource Scarcity and Population Growth. Retrieved from: http://www.financialsense.com/contributors/richard-mills/resource-scarcity-and-population-growth Environmental and Global Health. (2011). Depletion and Destruction of Natural Resources (III). Retrieved from: http://www.environmedia.com/depletion-and-destruction-of-natural-resources-iii.htm Macnevin,S.(2008).Climate Change, Food Shortages and Overpopulation. Retrieved from: http://environmental.lilithezine.com/Climate-Change-Food-Shortages.html Institute for Population Studies.(2009-2010) . Overpopulation: Environmental and Social problems. Retrieved from: http://howmany.org/environmental_and_social_ills.php Johnson, B. (2012). Overpopulation Problems; Lack of Resources. Retrieved from http://blogs.longwood.edu/johnsonba/2012/02/24/overpopulation-problems-lack-of-resources/ Countries Quest. Land and Resources. Retrieved from: http://www.countriesquest.com/asia/philippines/land_and_resources.htm Bello,W. In the Shadow of Debt. Retrieved from: View as multi-pages