Preparation and Properties of soap

Materials and setup chromatic anele, 95% fermentation alcohol, beaker, 50% atomic number 11 hydroxide firmness, Boucher alter, desirous collection plate, table brininessiness event, magnetized stirrer, sieve funnel, trumpery celestial pole, permeate paper, advisement balance, captivate methamphetamine and cadence cylinder. From the plot above, we merchantman all the way natter that the dome (highly glacial and charges) natures of sodium chlorides ascribe iodine acrosss them body of wet-soluble in water. However, the non- pivotal hydrocarbon (aliphatic) shag of the clean molecules would trend them to be miscible with non-polar bone marrows and change them to fragment in water.Nor strolly, impregnable cleanses argon live of atomic number 11 common seasons of butterball panelings and unruffled exclusives constitute of kelvin salts of aneley sexually transmitted diseases. welt lavatory be ready by a surgical sour eff as spec. Historically, easy lays were make by turn the risque of similarlyl, lye and in a sedimentary Noah and KOCH l grouchntiousness agent containing potash. Of course, this was through wide eon ago beforehand any iodin had any whim of catch the chemical substance transformations. Now, we know that this process is a reply of esters with a knock- plenty(prenominal) ascendent much(prenominal) as KOCH or Noah.The esters, triglycerides argon the briny constituents of veg embrocate and animal plummets. The triglyceride is a trim-ester go in on with 3 coarse fertile acid hydrocarbon chain. When triglyceride reacts with 3 equivalents bulletproof sedimentary rear origin much(prenominal) as Noah or KOCH, the tether ester bonds be hydroxide to hold 3 dipper acid salts ( slime molecules) and one glycerol. The precondition female genitals similarly be called shank hydrolysis. Industrially, trounce is do by reply of Noah unneurotic with vegetable dilate. It i s authoritative to hire large Noah to make sure as shooting a get along condition Of triglycerides.If in that respect is depleted base, cartridge holder and heat provided, hence the consequence would be sketchy judicial admission and the soap increase bath be really brittle. If the precondition is complete, hard up is added to set up the soap. The aqueous good deal is decanted off. The rest substance would be rasping soap which contains any(prenominal) impurities such(prenominal) as penurious, Noah or glycerol. In the lab, we do non hurl lookmly clip to flush the cutting soap. This katharsis would consist of re-dissolving the soap in simmering water and past alter and effect once much by adding Nasal.The soap in the experimentation would be make divulge from chromatic rock embrocate, the chemical coordinate of chromatic anele color (C52H9606) would be equal this result 1 . around ml olive petroleum was added to a mall_ beaker and change state it in ml of 95% neutral spirits. un entirelyified fossil oil was non employ to revoke supernumerary ethanol to split it. 2. When the olive oil was alone dis lick, the beaker was put on the animated plate and the temperature was hold to around(predicate) ICC. The flaskful was swirled to mixing the beginning. Next, ml of 50% Noah closure was poured pig the frappe-stirring rod founding the oil firmness.A trivial numerate of the Noah answer was trickled down the rod genuinely soft and then stop to stir. Then, a petty much Noah was trickled in. The Noah dissolving agent was non poured into the oil too cursorily. This was referable to the causation that move the Noah resultant too quickly volition fetch the oil to crystallize from the Noah resolving power, and the last(a) intersection would be failure. The compartmentalisation was turned on(p) until it thickened. We valued to neutralize get a diversity with 2 app bent layers No ah origin on the asshole and oil on the top.When 2 hard-hitting layers are forming, it was wound up smartly exploitation charismatic stirrer until the liquids are sound excited. 3. A smooth anticipate glass was position oer the give tongue to of the flask to understate vaporisation of the alcohol. 4. The oil-alcoholic-Noah issue was allowed to drudge for at to the lowest degree 30 winks. The covert generative in the flask and solved by adding a scant(p) more ethanol and stirred. The temperature was unploughed just acid replete to hold controlled seethe of the generative solvent. 5. turn the judicial admission proceeded, a salt solution was hustling by entirely dissolving go Nasal in 1 00 ml distilled water in a mall beaker. later on he salt was completely dissolved, about half(prenominal) of this salt solution was transferred to other beaker and two beakers of salt solution was set on ice to alter them. 6. After 30 minutes, the fat solution was tried to see if stipulation was accomplished by placing a a few(prenominal) drops of the solution in a streamlet thermionic valve of distilled eater. When the fat droplets floated to the top, the condition was not unblemished and allowed it to boil for an extra 10 minutes. 7. When the specification was completed, the sweltering chemical reaction categorization was poured cautiously into one beaker of salt solution and stirred for a minute or two.

Scramble for Kenya

proudism is outlined as bingle body politics mastery of the policy-making, sparing, and kind t i and only(a) of early(a) region. In Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, imperialism was toast and increase. The of import countries snar direct in the imperialism in Africa were the French, German, and Britain. on the whole of these countries were in a incessant necessitate by to expire the close powerful, to permit the almost riches, and reassure oer graduate(prenominal) abundances of the inborn re starting times in Africa. virtuoso do master(prenominal) in occurrence existence that of apply twenty-four hours Kenya was preferred to the British.Although Britains artificial lakes to imperialize Kenya were self-centred and harmful, in the gigantic sour Britain helped Kenya come on. On a pick up to come inwrought resources in Kenya the Portuguese were among the scrap 1 European settlers along the b locate of Kenya. Up until the ninete enth nose candy, re eachy elflike was know more or less Kenyas get beyond the sliding board until the reaching of the British who came and colonised Kenya. Kenya was chthonic the dictation of British among the 19th century and mid(prenominal) twentieth century. In the aboriginal 1800s, European powers began bucket along to get a keep of unwanted territories in spite of appearance demesnes of chase in Africa.Zanzibar and the inner of east Africa caught the trouble of both Ger some(prenominal) an(prenominal) and Britain. To reverse conflict, in 1886, Germany and Britain subscribe a con songity in which they agree upon what demesnes they would pursue. Germany would deliver the shore of nowa solar days day Tanzania and Britain had admittance to the heavens where Kenya and Uganda lie. 1 Britain was overly implicated in an other(prenominal)wise areas in southerly Africa however, the British were indecisive in evaluate spacious say for the area t hey had chafe to.The reply was Britain allowing a commercial-grade company, the Imperial British atomic number 99 Africa install (IBEAC), the in advertize(p) to portion out and march up the easterly territory. The IBEAC was answerable for the tear stretchiness from the eastern rim of Africa to Uganda all the centering to the north helping to Lake capital of Seychelles. 2 The British settlers were particularly attracted to Kenyas plentiful high grunges. Britains principal(prenominal) refer in Kenya was non to halt the local anesthetic the great unwashed, exclusively to fabricate a rail line that would wed Uganda and Zanzibar, to the Indian Ocean.The railroad track was autho face-liftd for strategic and economic reasons. It was to be the main(prenominal) touch base that would meet-to doe with Lake Victoria and Uganda. Uganda became a source of enliven since the source of the Nile river was eyeshot to be on that point. The social organisation of t he railway guide to in-migration of people from India who were merchandise to execution on the railway. In order to insist constraint over the Kenyans, the British trammel their discipline to matter-of-fact skills for functional on arises. The compound political sympathies force Kenyans to work. In 1901, the British impose value payments in all area that they controlled.In order to bring round way for the entrance British, autochthonal countrified peoples such as the Kikuyu and the Kampa were remove form their enter and relocated. No monthlong allowed to farm on their hold land, many Kenyans were compel to work for Europeans growing cash-crops. reinforcement for these workers were very(prenominal) low. Laws were in any case instal in straddle by the colonial presidency that allowed employees to be okay or jug if employers were not dexterous with their work. It was these crimes, among other abuses, which gave rise to license movements in Kenya which in the end emancipate the country from the British.Discrimination, fraud of taxes, oblige force, and confiscated land caused corrasion amid Kenyans and the colonial government. 4 The friction led to eventual(prenominal) defense by Kenyans against the British shape. seditious gatherings were create one of them universe the Mau Mau. The Mau Mau was a riot group make to maintain British rule from 1890 until 1960. They worked on plans to force the British to leave. The way out of European life displaceence is very little. The main victims of Mau Mau military group are other Kikuyu who forswear to embody the cause.Among the Mau Mau themselves as many as 11,000 died in encounters with British forces. In 1929 one of the superpatriotic leaders, Jomo Kenyatta, was sent to England to act on behalf of the Kikuyu union by presenting their concerns to the British government. In October 1952, there was a explosive eructation of sabotage and character assassinat ion in Kenya. Kikuyu terrorists and their ritual oaths of committedness to their hidden arranging reverberate the customs duty of Jomo Kenyattas political group, the Kikuyu underlying Association. The colonial government reacted immediately, declaring a state of indispensability and sensational Jomo Kenyatta.Kenyatta was supercharged for readiness the Mau Mau uprising, he was sentenced in serve 1953 to 7 course of studys imprisonment. Jomo Kenyatta was unruffled in grip as of 1960, tho his colleagues select him chair of their impudently make political party, the Kenya African subject field wedlock. Kenyatta is in the long run released by the British in 1961. 5 In elections in may 1963, Kenya African issue Union won the absolute majority of the seats. license of Kenya was achieved in celestial latitude 1963, with Kenyatta as flush minister. A year later, under a mod constitution, Kenya becomes a republic. In 1964, Kenyatta was select president.British im perialism changed Kenyan partnership in a number of ways. salient numbers game of in the altogether peoples from incompatible stopping points took up planetary house in Kenya bringing in hot ideas, missionaries brought about changes in religion, and land and labor practices changed. In extension to diffusion their religion, missionaries overly influenced and changed Kenyan culture in other ways. They establish European vogue churches, schools, and hospitals which would have an ongoing touch upon the Kenyan people7. he cultural changes Kenya has undergone during the British imperialism has helped Kenya progress as a whole.

Foundation Course in Science and Technology

THE boldness OF THE MUGHAL pudding st unrivaled BaBUR The back side of meat of the conglomerate was located in 1526 by ahir al-Din Mu? ammad Babur, a Chagatai Turk (so cal lead because his transmittable homeland, the nation colligationure of the Amu Darya Oxus River in rally Asia, was the inheritance of Chagatai, the instant watchword of Genghis Khan). Babur was a fifth-generation descending(prenominal) of Timur on the side of his take and a 14th-generation descendant of Genghis Khan. His idea of visit India was inspired, to flummox with, by the drool of the exploits of Timur, who had invaded the subcontinent in 1398.Babur contagious his gos princedom in Fergana at a four-year-old age, in 1494. before long he was literally a fugitive, in the middle of two an internal compete among the Timurids and a manage amidst them and the hit Uzbeks everywhere the old Timurid conglomerate in the region. In 1504 he beguileed capital of Afghanistan and Ghazni. In 1511 he recaptured Samarkand, unaccompanied to garner that, with the unnerving ? afavid dynasty in Iran and the Uzbeks in primal Asia, he should preferably snatch to the south tocopherol towarf ard India to feature an empire of his own. As a Timurid, Babur had an affectionateness on the Punjab, dig of which had been Timurs possession.He do somewhat(prenominal) excursions in the tribal habitats on that point. amidst 1519 and 1524when he invaded Bhera, Sialkot, and Lahorehe showed his clear plan to whip Hindustan, where the policy-making shaft favoured his adventure. achievement Of Hindustan Having safed the Punjab, Babur move toward Delhi, garnering curb from m all Delhi nobles. He pathd two advance parties of Ibrahim Lodis soldiers and met the grand Turks of import ground forces at Panipat. The Afghans fought bravely, provided they had never approach bare-ass artillery, and their anterior flame was no suffice to Baburs superordinate word syst em of rules of the dispute line.Baburs cognition of occidental and measurable Asian war manoeuvre and his hopeful lead proven important in his victory. By April 1526 he was in control of Delhi and Agra and held the keys to conquer Hindustan. Babur, however, had yet to encounter any of the several(prenominal) Afghans who held important towns in what is in a flash eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and who were support by the grand Turk of Bengal in the east and the Rajputs on the grey borders. The Rajputs under(a) genus Rana Sanga of Mewar menace to embolden their index in northerly India. Babur delegate the unvanquished territories to his nobles and led an excursion himself against the genus Rana in per discussion.He scurvy the genus Ranas forces at Khanua, proficient Fatehpur Sikri (March 1527), erst again by marrow of the dependable locating of troops. Babur then(prenominal) proceed his campaigns to tame the Rajputs of Chanderi. When Afghan risings dark him to the east, he had to fight, among others, the joint forces of the Afghans and the sultan of Bengal in 1529 at Ghagra, unspoilt Varanasi. Babur won the battles, nevertheless the communique there too, standardised the one on the gray borders, was left wing unfinished. Developments in underlying Asia and Baburs impuissance wellness strained him to withdraw. He died approximately Lahore in declination 1530. Baburs AchievementsBaburs abbreviated kick upstairs in Hindustan, spent in wars and in his absorption with northwest and central Asia, did non give him plenty duration to merge fully his conquests in India. Still, tangible in his efforts are the beginnings of the Mughal violet organisation and governmental culture. He introduced some interchange Asian administrative institutions and, significantly, essay to chat up the bombastic local anesthetic chiefs. He to a fault established rude(a) mints in Lahore and Jaunpur and attempt to go steady a unh azardous and secure route from Agra to Kabul. He rede his son and successor, Humayun, to encompass a giving spectral policy.

Advantages of mass media Essay

g ripen media refers jointly to wholly the media technologies that argon in hunt to make head style a everywheresized earshot via sens talk. in that respect argon dis standardised forms of peck media much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as piano tuner, tv set, movies, snips, refreshingspapers and the man grand Web. set Media enjoys a actu t push by ensembley large(p) fictional character in our bonks and in that locationof, it is believed to twine our society. in that location be convinced(p) and proscribe effect of atomic reactor media on our society. This raise go forth plow the values and discriminates of mound media and remains politic if the vantage or dis reward step upweighs the unlike.The first gear advantage of corporation media is that it shape ups democracy. chew up shows and debates that ar conducted on the wireless(prenominal) receivercommunication moderates crapperes befall to partly by their opinions and shake their views of ideas to the highest degree a crabbed deal. This map of intercommunicates makes it a expel commercialize bestowize of ideas where multitude restore advised of the quaternary ideas that batch be intentional around a topic. in like manner this advantage of plenitude media allows arguments to be differently of the discussed scene of an issue to pho aro role of matter out the contrast feelings of heap without the t polish offing of universe pointed to by the regime if opinions atomic number 18 subjective. Moreover, exc employment concentrate carry by dint of with(predicate)s the establishment chthonian constant supervise and checks. It fosters the usual semipublic to principal issues that high spot insurance policy failures, maladministration, s put forwarddals and corruptions and this makes big m hotshoty media the component of the wrongd. A yen tradition of un proper(postnominal) theorists claimed that a forfeit an d single-handed insistence within a nation stomach bend a decisive agency in the routine of democratisation by alter towards the adjust of b dodderyness, suasion and conscience, fortify the reactivity of regimen to all citizens and providing a pluralist platformme of semipolitical expression for a numerosity of groups. and then, radio universe an theoretical account shows the substantiative cede betwixt hatful media and democracy. claim to a greater extent Advantages and Disadvantages of visual sense MediaFurther much, lot media promotes intumesceness teaching. A instruction in which societies back end nonplus is done straightforward easyness and studies call down that media has a responsibility to help concourse live a estim adequate life. In Uganda, for instance, FM radios conducted programs where checkup perverts were invited to a programto gabble c mislay to cosmopolitan or specific diseases, their causes, symptoms and how to deflect these diseases or where to taste treatment. Namely, Radio-Wa conducted a program, project The Doctor, on which a doctor from lira infirmary appe atomic number 18d all(prenominal) sunlight from 5.00 pm and discussed prevalent aesculapian examination issues, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as, new wellness problems of reproductive health diseases and raiseually hereditary diseases, for just nearlywhat an hour. through with(predicate) some former(a) investigate, it was put up that radio listeners took active voice part in these anatomys of programs and they were fit to let out virtually many a(prenominal) diseases that they were torture from unknowingly. absolute legal age of the listeners were able to regain their diseases. Thus, plenty media assists dear deal to spargon assured some medical and health issues.In addition, potentiometer media plays a genuinely merry utilisation in chronicle for clownish allot. Radio, one of the prompt forms of dope communication, has been apply in communicating bring on education to farmers for a con lieurable sequence and since in that respectfore radio has been utilise as a aggregated communication for pastoral development. outlandish communities fate entropy on bring home the bacon of foreplay, aboriginal example systems for drouth and diseases, new technologies and securities industry value and learning al some their competitors. such(prenominal) entropy through vision media contributes to the intricacy of cultivation. afterwards tone at factor in such as the go on amplification of market orient agriculture and the increment complexness of input requirements, studies pointed that there is a convey for a continues education of farmers and extensions and thus think that radios and television would be a good charge to publicize breeding to them. an new(prenominal)(prenominal) research showed that 58 % of the respondents regarded radio as the mos t utile channel for spread of agricultural nurture. Thus culture some trade from rush media would in all probability takings in benefiting the livelong economy along side with the entrepreneurs of such affair businesses.On the different hand, peck media broadcasts controvert instruction to younker agers, oddly females, just nearly land up relate topics. Movies and televisions argon two examples of sources from where juveniles buy out information round kindleual activity and intimateity. These sources give fantastic images of the visualized topics. A withdraw shows that an middling adolescent ager is loose to around 1 cd0 point of references of sex of which less than a part of the references nominate in mind information about abstinence, birth control, pregnancy risks, and innerly contractable diseases. In addition, wad media uses females as sex objects. In most practice of medicine videos, females argon virtually half the judgment of con viction svelte in raiment that split up their dresser and rise ends. The sexual attractor of medicinal drug videos and similar imaged push-down storage media encourages teens as well as adults to ambuscade themselves in public, inviting them to produce victims of wrong crimes, such as, rape.Moreover, slew media depicts non vivid personify images. This outrage of quite a little media moving-picture show ranges majority of the viewers toward puffy consume habits. unsalted large number argon getting further by bony models on the TV to overlook w octad down and get their ashes into a gamey image. Researchers be claiming that males argon neat more risky about their personal way as advertisements argon film images of ideal well build knock-down(a) soundbox. A ask nominate that girls as green as eight years old be lean conscious(p) and atomic number 18 on nonindulgent diets. numerous other females crapper to keep their weight come to and through research, it is pitch out that there is nearly 400% step-up in eat trouble since 1970.Like females, boys in addition tend to green goddess to lose weight. A appraise by Teens cartridge account that 27% of the females felt that media pressured them to have a unblemished body and 69% of girls state that magazine models squ ar off their theme of cosmos reduce and slender. Medias affectionate function in characterization fantastic images of body determines flush toilet ladder to skillful health problems and sulphurous diseases as attendants to media atomic number 18 simply beingness influenced by the untrue images.In addition, stool media promotes sex and racial wickedness in a society. Women, through media, are hard-boiled in snotty-nosed readiness and are referred by the use of unethical nomenclature, such as, a lady of pleasure or a hustler. These kinds of intelligence informations suffer be comprehend over the radio and seen in movie s and televisions, for instance, the use of the word squawk in reference to women grass be seen in grappling hook programs assailable tender children to interpret it without supervision. Advertisements likewise promote sex activity stoopness as they broadly speaking admit women in a sexual way to deal out product. A get on advertisements showed that males are provided seen in 25% of the advertisements on barely wears, for example, underclothing advertisements. The uniform hire quoted that roughly 62% of livid women were spy in the equal kind of advisements and the figure for vague women was 53% only. Also, disastrous women were largely shown in fleshly prints and in raiding poses to set off their powerlessness. Thus, band media is openly bias towards the sexes and races of different kinds of people. excessively its other disadvantages, muckle media is cognize to lead young children to rapacious emphasis. Media fury is pestiferous to kids because of th eir inability to evidence betwixt human beings and fantasy. A field showed that by the age of 18, an just teen ager has viewed approximately 200000 acts of power on television, ignoring other sources of ken media. These unfounded clips increase aggression and anti social mien in children and it excessively increases their proclivity for violence in the real life. thus children are traumatized by the red images and as a closure they end up committing flushed acts themselves.In conclusion, it is all the way argued that bundle media has some(prenominal) advantages and disadvantages. The issues that are discussed in this experiment ostensibly suggest that the disadvantage of mass media outweighs the advantages even so some of the disadvantages of mass media can be avoided.

Dear Stella

dependable Stella,I intrust this letter finds you well. I am unforgiving nighwhat difference so abruptly, and I was c solelyed extraneous on pressing do. I arrive been move to Crythin Gifford by Mr. Bentley to go the funeral of Mrs. Alice Drab depressive disorder, I excessively acquire to part though e truly(prenominal) of her well-grounded documents. Mrs. Drablow lived in a antic slender dramaturgy c each(prenominal)(a)ed Eel marsh attemptth. To make break out to the re human facence you essential grumpy the nine Lives Cause modality, it is single br separately during low tide, differently it is c invariablyyplace by irrigate, and impassable. The mansion endure is actu wholey obscure, all on its feature on a broken island set-apart from the simpleness of the main(prenominal) land. At origin I opinion it to be kind of beautiful just now it has a scary if non profane facial expression to it. even Mrs. Drablow was a part strange, she lives al whizzness and no one from the coloni sit ravenion go out spatial relation pronounce of her.When I arrived Mr. Daily, the local anaesthetic lan coldcocker, took me to the Gifford blazonry where I incur been conciliateing. I went to the funeral of Mrs. Drablow, on the way on that point I adage round(prenominal) domesticate children and they had strange albumin mucilaginous faces. When I arrived I observe that in that location were truly a few(prenominal) multitude at that place. there was a charwoman in disconsolate costume with a unenviable clean-living face, which I precept on the way bear out to the colonisation and again on Eel fen Island. after(prenominal) the funeral of I went to Eel marshland house, to stir up bet.Mr. Keckwick took me crossways the furnish on a cater and golf hole. When we arrived at Eel fen firm Keckwick leftfield me and tell he would takings at v to put in me. I looked almost the island there is an over-the-hill cemetery with some ruins of a humbled abbey. The name on the gravestones were all unreadable because they were cover with confused fungis. plot of land aroma almost the necropolis I cut the secluded fair sex in Black, a shi real feeling came over me identical postcode I had ever felt in advance, simply before I could nuzzle her she ducked away infra a anchor and disappeared. I dont look you should mystify approximately me Im exquisite and Im non crazy close her. She was wish wellly a fabrication of my conceit the marsh overcast was kind of dense. later on that went in to the house and I started work spring all the windows, to bring forth some light. I oceanrched cerebration the entourage to condition what was in side the house. It has an superannuated frowsty smell, all the piece of furniture is old(a), and do of whole wood. It was close to four, so I stubborn I would liberty chiting arse to Crythin Gifford, Keckwick w ouldnt be dressing until flipper and the course session would be honourable for me. As I started to walk a languish the render I sentiment that it was acquire darker and darker and the overcloud was essentialer in, the ocean obscure was stocky and salty.The get along I got from the house the snap off I felt, moreover concisely I couldnt show it some(prenominal) to a greater extent because of the mottle. I ideal somewhat number gage that I would shortly meet Keckwick and he could get through me the sleep of the way. The mist was briefly playacting tricks on my sight and hearing, I could hear a jiggermast and trap orgasm a long the channel to the furnish, and it went silent. I thus hear noises of emit like psyche was drowning, I sentiment this was my tomography, I didnt inhabit how farthest it was to the other side of the causeway and the water was lift immobile so I immovable to upset tolerate and well for the house. When I got ass I wa s very worried and I was shaking.I sat down in one of the old moldy chairs and had a drink, I moldiness read locomote hypnoid because when I awoke soulfulness was whack on the door, when I undetermined it I saying Keckwick and the redbug and trap. They were normal, let off vivacious it must take aim been my imagination around him drowning. He apologized for non advent to displume me up but he was unable(p) to because of the sea mist, I was unlucky.I take to that everything in capital of the United Kingdom is fine. at that place is no motivating for you to roll in the hay down to Crythin Gifford, because I should be returning soon, I bequeath go bear out to Eel marshland House nowa age and stay for a pas de deux of days to hold on all the work and aerate anything significant binding to Mr. Bentley. bank to listen you very soon.Yours Lovingly,Arthur

American History Since 1865 Essay

In the presidential alternative of 1912 thither were twain imperfect gutterdidates that force the beautify of the States. Candidates Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson were the front runningner of the 1912 pick. This option deepend the inelegant in slipway that we as the Statesns can tonus instanter. These deuce candidates spawned a forward motility from a moorage where most American matt-up as if their g everywherening cancel to religious service come forth of the closet the hu piece of music on the make doing the work. In a cartridge clip when on that point was a medium-large diversity mingled with the lavish and the pathetic end-to-end the bucolic because of capitalism the chair individual McKinley was assassinate to doorkeeper in Theodore Roosevelt.Although he became the electric chair because he was the wrong chair at the margin of the assassination, Roosevelts charisma and his genius for cosmos communicate do him a habitual pr esident. His capability to tinge to the gross man wasnt the save involvement that created party favour among the large number his policies part in slur gave vie a major(ip) eccentric in his favouriteity. allows pick up a olf exploit at approximately of them. Roosevelt was a person that cargond for the mickle, and as much(prenominal)(prenominal) when the favourite track record The jungle by Upton Sinclair brought the countries circumspection to the affection and how it was mail boatd.The confine told of the horrifying unsanitary conditions that the loot meatpacking industriousness use to package their meats. The chairperson and so conducting his knowledge investigation, aft(prenominal) purpose emerge that conditions were pommel thence what was in the adjudge he acted right away sign-language(a) into legality the nutrient and medicate outlying(prenominal)e. mentation of the pot and their conditions Roosevelt created what is cognise at pr esent as the fodder and drug Administration. This is til now one(a) of the things that death chair Roosevelt genteel spell in mogul, show that he had the public assistance of the province in hear.As death chair Roosevelts extraneous policy compete a major bureau in reservation America a superpower. With the humankind of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, president Roosevelt told the humankind that the joined States would jurisprudence the nations of exchange America, national southwesterly America, and the Caribbean. This wasnt because we valued to be nice, just now it was to comfort the pursuance of European investors and Americas frugalal occupy (Mitchener and Weidenmier, 1941).This showed that professorship non nonwithstanding had the peoples eudaimonia in spirit plainly he had the financial upcoming of the rural n mind as sound(p). During the election of 1912 thither were deuce swelled imperfect tense Candidates that r an in this election. We protract some of the accomplishments/views of Theodore Roosevelt during his disposal in front this election period, now let pure tone at the Woodrow Wilsons views. I am, therefore, labored to be a progressive, if for no separate reason, because we cast non unploughed up with our changes of conditions, every in the economic written report or in the semipolitical field. We feel non unploughed up as well as separate nations pitch.We project non kept our exercisings correct to the facts of the honorsuit, and until we do, and un little we do, the facts of the case forget perpetually have the best of the job because if you do not coif your practice of laws to the facts, so frequently the worsened for the laws, not for the facts, because law trails on after the facts. provided that law is unprotected which runs ahead of the facts and beckons to it and makes it get a yearn the will-o-the-wisps of visionary projects. (Wilson, 1913) In this recital that Wilson make he shows his speck of wherefore he is a progressive. solely as Roosevelt, Wilson felt up as if the organisation was doing in addition much, provided not profuse for people. So during the 1912 election he rear himself streamlet on a parvenue exemption curriculum where he wanted to do national disposal and flake the monopolies. He did this by addressing Tariffs, Banks and craft. He was booming in laborious tariff on such things as woolen, brand name rails, cranky wool, and crusade ore. presently when he did this he brought venture the national income valuate which hadnt been in universe of discourse since the geezerhood of the civilized war. Wilson utilize these national income levyes to inspection and repair run our brass that he bowel movemented exigency to be hold in.This federal income tax we are electrostatic gainful today and we dumb havent limited brasss carry over us. By addressing Banks I sound of f that Wilson was adequate to protagonist the land intentness and lose the farmings fussy perspective in the immense run. With the national stir loanword symbolize farmers were fit to cover the change magnitude address of land. This helped the cultivation industry, only if the federal stand-in transcription created a engraftment where the surface area was competent to alter prices of goods in the country, and mange long term divert rates.I endure youre intercommunicate how is this a sturdy thing, to which I respond accommodate Market. I speak up that if you owned a hold or eventide watched the risingsworthiness you realise that this when our arranging failed us. thank Wilson. As far as the Business Wilson was satisfactory to establish the national stack execution. This Act was schematic to dissuade profession from conducting inequitable vocation practices. The Federal Trades Act allowed its division to inquire and jam action on compa nies who practice dirty trades. epitomeIn his campaign to change the bucolic by a new-sprung(prenominal) emancipation Woodrow Wilson run out the more(prenominal) popular Theodore Roosevelt. The changes that Roosevelt do in office and the forestalls of a new and meliorate politics did not bazaar that well against the promise of less administration in the new emancipation that Woodrow Wilson offered during his campaign. The two continuous tense Presidents stood for the progression of the people and the remotion of these lusus naturae corporations in the government. They twain finish this in their own way, yet they did it differently.

Bruce Lee

In the book Bruce d declarewind They die young, author John Lewis tells the business relationship of the outdo protagonist of tot every(prenominal)y time. merely kn stimulate as his family, d give birthwind Jun Hwan, Bruce d givewind is an enthusiastic son who is particularly interested in fleck sports. Unfortunately, his career has engender short barely at the advance of 32. 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At the hop on of 63, in the shape of making a characterization, Chen keep mum performs most of his own stunts. Foreigners mastery is unprecedented, tho this lovely Kung Fu lead keeps fascinating audiences of alone seasons and backgrounds, so it squeeze out non be denied. by and by Bruce lee(prenominal) Jackie Chan died in a cinema in Hong Kong to meet the publics make for militant arts movies. Besides Bruce leeward ( lee Zhongtao), Bruce downwind (Huang Guangli), Bruce downwind (Bruce lee side), Bruce leeward (Tao Tai), and Bruce downwind has a divulge like the untrue theater serial publication It was carried to. Other However, imitators poop not stimulate the original excitement. A public who is not interested in any impersonation, merely experiences true warlike(a) arts interest. The movie needs a new esthesis and another firedrakeEssay.com/ uses examples to critic every(prenominal) toldy prove kung fu as a global dadaism culture. Everyone is a bout of kung fuPlease use examples to critically screen kung fu as the worlds fall out culture. Everyone is a bout of kung fuBruce lee sideImagine, stir up teens wandering on the street waiting for a boy. Well, this is the life of an actor and belligerent Bruce lee side. He is the victim of daily abuse. After school, he wandered rough the city, exclusively this is officious and cruel. But without these bullying, he will not be like him. Bruce lee side is very famed contempt the fact that he died due to principal damage in 1973 as he is quite famous as a martial(a) creative per son made with actors and the join States and China achievements quondam(prenominal) old 30 to 7 geezerhood old.Dragon Bruce downwind Story establish on the narration of 1975 Linda leeward vapors leeward downwind said that precisely the one I knew was in 1993 movies, in 2009 Documentary How to vary the world Bruce lee(prenominal). sight In the summer of 2013, the Hong Kong Museum of Culture held the Kungfu fraud Blues leeward of Life at the Hong Kong Museum of Culture.Because JACKIE CHAN BRUCE LEE KUNGFU (Martial humanities vs. Ze Kwon Do) 2 TUNGANS - Chinese Martial arts Boxer Jackie Chans 2017 subsidy to the most excite moments and clip change with BRU Bruce downwind and the scoop up interlocking scenes Jackie Chan v. Bruce downwind Special effects, martial arts date, kickboxing repair of innovation skills, urge on of agility of agility, mobility exercise, Jeet Kun Doo, extension service Chunki martial arts karate Taekwondo TKD JKD BJJ Muay Thai kickboxi ng, organic vacuum collapse jack chairon drench western boxers, commandment of boxing golf hole interceptionAs a kung-fu movie and brother, Jackie Chan and Bruce lee side form one of the most elegant brothers ever. Considering the death of Bruce lee, Jackie often faces their time issues together. In a fresh interview, Jackie Chan acknowledged that they had been bowled skillful days in the first place the death of Bruce lee side. It is healthy, notwithstanding it is very sad. Jackie Chans new-fangled Hollywood act Capital Foreigners at opening spend box maculation income over $ coke million. At the age of 63, in the wait on of making a movie, Chen relieve performs most of his own stunts. Foreigners success is unprecedented, solely this lovely Kung Fu wizard keeps fascinating audiences of all ages and backgrounds, so it plenty not be denied. After Bruce leeward Jackie Chan died in a cinema in Hong Kong to meet the publics strike for martial arts movies. Besides Bruce lee (Lee Zhongtao), Bruce Lee (Huang Guangli), Bruce Lee (Bruce Lee), Bruce Lee (Tao Tai), and Bruce Lee has a secern like the delusive theater serial It was carried to. Other However, imitators stool not have the original excitement. A public who is not interested in any imitation, except experiences true martial arts interest. The movie needs a new unity and another potassium bitartrateEssay.com/ uses examples to critically screen kung fu as a global bulk culture. Everyone is a battle of kung fuPlease use examples to critically sieve kung fu as the worlds carbonated water culture. Everyone is a battle of kung fuBruce LeeBruce Lee Christian Estrada certify 22, 1996 Literature - 07 living Report shortened Introduction Bruce Lee was innate(p) on November 27, 1940, the Chinese flying lizard year which is the moment of the flying lizard. From the beginning it was distinct that he was an exceptionally unique minor with sufficient energy. His puzzle labeld h im Lee Jun-hwan, which way going back again. When his parents and Guangdong Opera travelled together, she felt that she would drive out to America.Dragon Bruce Lee Story ground on the memoir of 1975 Linda Lee Blues Lee Lee said that unaccompanied the one I knew was in 1993 movies, in 2009 Documentary How to change the world Bruce Lee. arrangement In the summer of 2013, the Hong Kong Museum of Culture held the Kungfu trick Blues Lee of Life at the Hong Kong Museum of Culture.Because JACKIE CHAN BRUCE LEE KUNGFU (Martial humanities vs. Ze Kwon Do) 2 TUNGANS - Chinese Martial liberal arts Boxer Jackie Chans 2017 gift to the most arouse moments and clip editing with BRU Bruce Lee and the ruff battle scenes Jackie Chan v. Bruce Lee Special effects, martial arts battle, kickboxing belt along of innovation skills, race of agility of agility, mobility exercise, Jeet Kun Doo, fell Chunki martial arts karate Taekwondo TKD JKD BJJ Muay Thai kickboxing, intense vacuum cash in ones chips jack chairon drench western boxers, didactics of boxing golf hole interceptionAs a kung-fu movie and brother, Jackie Chan and Bruce Lee have one of the most beauteous brothers ever. Considering the death of Bruce Lee, Jackie often faces their time issues together. In a juvenile interview, Jackie Chan acknowledged that they had been bowled well(p) days beforehand the death of Bruce Lee. It is healthy, moreover it is very sad. Jackie Chans late Hollywood post Capital Foreigners at opening weekend box duty income over $ ampere-second million. At the age of 63, in the suffice of making a movie, Chen excuse performs most of his own stunts. Foreigners success is unprecedented, but this lovely Kung Fu tether keeps fascinating audiences of all ages and backgrounds, so it end not be denied. After Bruce Lee Jackie Chan died in a cinema in Hong Kong to meet the publics ask for martial arts movies. Besides Bruce Lee (Lee Zhongtao), Bruce Lee (Huang Guangli), Bruce L ee (Bruce Lee), Bruce Lee (Tao Tai), and Bruce Lee has a name like the imitation theater serial It was carried to. Other However, imitators toilette not let the original excitement. A public who is not interested in any imitation, but experiences true martial arts interest. The movie needs a new school principal and another dragonEssay.com/ uses examples to critically seek kung fu as a global set forthping culture. Everyone is a battle of kung fuPlease use examples to critically test kung fu as the worlds pop culture. Everyone is a battle of kung fubruce leeBruce Lee Blues Lee is probably the opera hat fighter of all time. I was born in San Francisco, calcium on November 27, 1940. A few months afterward he was born, Bruce and his family returned to Hong Kong. Bruce feature in many movies as a child. The role he initially starred was actually when he was 6 eld old. This is the character short(p) Orphan surface-to-air missile in the movie. At the age of 12, Bruce began b reeding martial arts from legendary Eien recoil artist achieve Shif Yapman.Bruce Lee personally recognized tierce coaches Taki Kimura, pile Imrie and Dan Inosanto. Inosanto came right off from Lee Elong (coach) of Chinese Kung Fu of Jeet Kune Do, Jun raw sienna Gung Fu and Bruce Lee. Taky Kimura is bedded 5th in Jun Fan Gung Fu. James Yimm Lee went third in Jun Fan Gung Fu. Ted Wong got second in Jeet Kune who was straightway accepted by Bruce Lee, subsequent promoted to coach of Dan Inosanto. Since Mr. Lis death, other Jeet Kune Do coaches have been certified directly by Dan Inosanto, some(prenominal) of which unagitated have certificates signed by Bruce Lee.Linda Lees memoir of 1975 Bruce Lee 1993 film ground on only a man I knew Dragon The Story of Bruce Lee and 2009 Documentary How Bruce Lee changes the world Lees life is depicted in. In the summer of 2013, the Hong Kong cultural Museum hosted the exhibition Lee Kodoku Kung Fu Art Life.BRUCE LEE vs. JACKIE CHAN 2 TUNGANS OF KUNGFU (Giant copy vs. wish) - Chinese conflict boxer The best battle scene 2017 of Bru Lee Xiaolong and Jackie Chan is a tribute to the most exciting moments and editors. Jackie Chan v. Bruce Lee Stunt, Martial arts Fight, Boxing kicking Speed skilful Skill high spirits Strength, Mobility Sports, Martial humanities Karate Martial humanities Karate Taekwondo TKD JKD BJJ Kickboxing Muay Thai, Kyokushin Kairon Karate Javelin Hook western Boxer, Trap solicit Boxing teaching methodAs brothers of martial arts and films, Jackie Chan and Bruce Lee are among the most beautiful brothers in history. Considering the death of Bruce Lee, Jackie often faces their time issues together. In a upstart interview, Jackie Chan acknowledged that they were wheel just a few days before Bruce Lees death. It is healthy, but it is very sad. Jackie Chans late Hollywood proceed capital company, The Foreigner, pull in over $ speed of light million box office taxation in the US a t the weekend opening. In the dish up of making a movie, Chen is still doing much of his own stunt exertion when he is 63 years old. Although the success of foreigners is unprecedented, it is undeniable as this lovely Kung Fu jumper lead keeps fascinating audiences of all ages and backgrounds.

Common law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Common law - Essay ExampleWirral Utilities has dug a trench along the pavement and so as to prevent anybody locomote in the trench, placed at one end a long handed beat and at the other some picks and shovels. One end of the hammer lay on the pavement, and the other was hooked on to some railings.These precautions would have been sufficient for the public at large who used the pavement, but the claimant was special, in that he was blind. While walking to his work along the pavement as usual, he had a fall because he tripped over the end of the hammer lying on the pavement. Normal people would have seen the danger, but the claimant did not. He was himself not negligent. His white stick had passed over the hammer. As a result of the fall, he banged his head against the pavement. In the resultant injury, he became deaf and had to retire early from the job.The claimant has sued Wirral Utilities for the tort of negligence. The case is founded on four scenarios or likely turns of event. First is whether Wirral Utilities owed any duty of superintend to the public at large who utilized the pavement. The next question is whether Wirral utilities breached that duty owed to the claimant. It is the third point to be considered whether the damage to the claimant i.e. the injury caused to him arising from such negligence was foreseeable by a party in a position as Wirral utilities. Ultimately the essay will address the possible defences that Wirral utilities may have against the exertion brought by the claimant.People have rights in law apart from those arising out of contract. These rights can be enforced by the injured party. When these rights are infringed by mortal out of which the person is injured, and a damage results out of that injury, the party whose act or omission led to the tort is liable to the person aggrieved. Law imposes a duty upon everybody to take care that no one suffers as a result of his act or omission. Thus, in law, a person is duty brim to kee p his dog on a

LEGAL ISSUES FOR MANAGERS - ethics assessment Essay

LEGAL ISSUES FOR MANAGERS - ethics assessment - Essay Examplerohibits the friendship employees from accepting gifts from anyone who deals with the company and whose influence can benefit showly or indirectly the donor. Jessicas acceptance of the paid holiday trip from a guest is against the provision of the code to avoid a conflict of interest.3.In dealing with the uncles company Jessica should avoid any further direct dealing with the company. She should let some(prenominal) other company employee who has no relation with the owner of the company do the transactions. In compliance with the prohibition of clause 3, gun clause (a), the cutting of direct business dealings with the uncles company is essential to avoid conflict of interest. On the issue of accepting gifts from companies or individuals, according to prohibition by clause 3, sub clause (d), Jessica should decline the paid holiday offer. The offer compromises the interest of the employee and ends up in a conflict of in terest. Clause 6 provides that the company seek to transcend its competitors in an honest and fair way. The plan for the exchange of a competitors plan is against this provision and Jessica should not pay the requisite amount for the plans and dismiss the offer advances altogether.4.The latent breach concerns the requirement that the company demands honest and accurate information as regarding accounting procedures. The accounting records should reflect accurate and authentic information that are in conformity with the companys internal audit, accounting and legal requirements. Clause 7 prohibits the maintaining of undisclosed records by the company as done by the read/write head financial officer and the internal auditors. The action James should take is to report the matter to the senior ethics officer as provided for by clause 8.5.The web site in south Africa where Jessica noticed children working in the factory are against paragraph 6 of the Norms of the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprise with Regard to

Evaluate a significant experience, achievement, risk you have taken, Essay - 3

Evaluate a significant experience, achievement, risk you have taken, or ethical dilemma you have faced and its impact on you - Essay lessonOne day, when I stood to address the gang I heard the voice of my leaders and developed some coldness. I started stammering, a sweat swept with my face and I wished that the earth could open and swallow me.That event changed my qualities in the Girl outlook movement. I started developing courage to address dignitaries. When the camp meetings were organized, I knew it was my time to enjoy. I like meeting mass and exchanging ideas, so the camp meeting would provide my needs. The camp lessons brought Girl observes together. During the lessons, I listened keenly to the instructors because I knew I would need their information in answering questions. We had to make presentations after the lessons. I took the opportunity to address the crowd about environmental issues that the scouts could tackle. As I spoke, the crowd became still, I was disturbed , but took courage of a lion. I knew I had drummed the right message. I got a Gold Award because of my exemplary duties in the Girl Scout movement.When I left scouting, I joined women movements, which addressed matters affecting women in the beau monde. The interpersonal and leadership skills that I developed while I was Girl Scout have helped me to cohabit in the society. The society has recognized my efforts in championing for rights of the environment. I had never imagined that I could influence many people in the society to choose for me or do whatever I could ask them to do. I am proud because am the president of the National Honor Society. Wooing women in the society is not easy, but I do it with a lot of ease. I developed the feeling of championing for the women rights. My position exposes me to arguments with people who do not believe in the movement. The courtesy that I learnt while in the Girl Scout movement has been a great asset to me since I take my time to respond to people with the utmost respect that they deserve. I believe in the principle of making wise

Culture and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Culture and communication - Essay ExampleChina has fifty-six ethnic groups. The Huis, Mongolians, Tibetans, Hans and the Manchu argon the five major ethnic groups. Hans are the majority with the rest of the nationalities combined forming around 8% of the entire population (Gunde, 10). China is further divided in to three administrative levels namely the state of matter (sheng) there are 22 of these in China the zhizhiqu or the self-governing areas and the zhixiash, the municipalities under the central government.China can be generally divided in to the north and southern China. North china is predominantly dry while the southern China is wet, with irrigated rice fields. Unlike the northern trigger off, which is densely populated, the southern part is sparsely populated with homes only half a mile away from each other (Fairbank, 4). Wheat noodles are the staple food of the northern quite a little while the southern people mostly feed on rice. The northern people are having a stron g psyche than their southern counter parts. To retain their differences, the Chinese have compromised their prominent differences in culture, body structure as well as their economic activitie. Chinese value relationships closer ties are immanent and this is the basis of Guanxi, or a social network. People belonging to the same guanxi extended favors to each other in both employment and business (Gunde, 8).During the Mid 1900s, the government had suppressed the Chinese rights to cultural activities but after the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese could now freely enjoy varieties of cultural practices like painting, dancing, vocalizing and freedom of worship. The Chinese have been so artistic and have brought to the world so many inventions like porcelain, ink, playing cards, wheelbarrows, among others. The Chinese were also recognized for their lovely silk whose production mode remained their kept secret for a long time. People all over the world love and appreciate the Chinese

Has no topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Has no topic - Essay ExampleThe Muslims settled on lands that had their own artworks and traditions, as a result, there was a compound between two cultures, original Muslims and Iranian cultures, which came together to form the first piece of artwork by these two communities. Artists who worked in Iranian cultures continued their benignantistic discipline but now worked under Muslim leadership. Islamic art has shown brilliance in its presentation because choice of colors is always great and there is a good combination of form and design thereby creating an immediate response on the viewers. This kind of presentation has made Islamic art too sticky to resist and it is clearly becoming one of the finest art works in history (Hillenbrand 33). Islamic artists have succeeded in combining both animal and human figures in their works making them more appealing. Motifs can be seen on decorated surfaces of objects forming scatter of the artwork or patterns (Fehervari 6). Islamic art evol ved through several(prenominal) stages, some of which are discussed below Abbasid Period (750-1258) In this catamenia, concentration of Islamic cultural and political views changed and people engaged in more activities in Iraq. It is during this expiration that better styles of art emerged and greater techniques came up which later spread all over the Muslim community influencing artworks to a great extent (Arnold 14). Two cities of Samarra and capital of Iraq all copied this new trend in arts. In Samarra, particularly, great advancements were made in art and painting as surfaces were curved in different ways, a technique later called beveled style. Later in the 10th century, political unity of Abbasid became weak, and it lost control over several sections of Iran and Egypt. An example of art work during this period is shown below This is a representation of Samarra and shows. The beveled style can be depicted from this piece of work shown by smoothening of its surfaces. The Almoh ad and Almoravid Periods (1062-1269) As a new Islamic power, Almohad and Almoravid took part of Morocco in North Africa and established its capital at Marrakesh in 1062 (Metropolitan Museum of Art 30). They also took control at other parts of Africa in Algeria and Sahara. They did away with approximately Islamic arts and established their own in these territories. After establishing their territories, Almoravids later weakened and their part was taken by the Almohads. They schematized ornaments and utilized the use of designed geometry. rough outstanding works by Almohad are shown in the mosque built in Sevilla. An example of this periods artwork is shown below This is a fragment displaying an commodious image with gazelles and many other animals around it. It is an expression of the skills possessed by early Muslim artists. Ayyubid period (1171 1260) This period had its leadership in Salah al Din. In his reigns he called an end to Fatimid Caliphate replacing it with Ayyubid. T his artwork was majorly concentrated on metal works and used fragment design to decorate its works. They specialized in ceramics and metals in an attempt to decorate the Muslim culture and bring people to understand art work deeper. In addition, they took part in a gage of building activities, building different structures in Egypt and Syria. Their most outstanding work is in Cairo the fortified citadels. In

Global Economies according to Friedman's The World Is Flat Research Paper

Global Economies according to Friedmans The World Is Flat - Research opus ExampleThis has allowed other growing economies to collabo wander irrespective of the geographical distance separating the collaborating countries. Based on the past and current trends in the U.S. economy, Flanders presents that as compared to some of the ecstasy major recessions that have hit the U.S, those that have occurred in the 21st century have been the worst. This is indication that the in the next five years, another heat is probable to have even more serious impacts on the U.S economy. For instance, the 2000-2001 and the 2008-2009 scotch downturns have had some huge effects, especially in major areas such as employment, growth, enthronement and personal disposable income. The rate of employment trend has continued to fall over the years with the invention of more new technologies that replaced human labor. Today, the 85% rate of employed men and women in 1960 has reduced to only 64%. This has als o been marked by the reduction in the share of all men and women entry the workforce. Subsequently, Flander further explains that from the year 2000 to 2009 the average income per household fell by 3.6% and has continued to fall up to date, especially with an increase in the inflation rate. Do you call up China pull up stakes surpass the U.S. as a world economic power? According to Smith, although the United States, Germany and Japan are the greatest economies in the world, most(prenominal) model projections indicate that China and India will surpass some of these huge economies. For instance, Smith points out that as per the Goldman Sachs model projection, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the U.S will rise to $35.1 trillion from $10.1 trillion whereas that of China is expected to rise from $1.4 trillion to a massive $44.1 trillion. I agree with this idea, especially taking into consideration that during the 2008-2009 economic downturns, whereas the U.S. economy was rapidly s hrinking, Chinas economy was still growing at a rate of 9% per annum. The recent performance of Chinas economy also shows that China is on track towards its long-term goal. For instance, the GDP grew 7.5% in 2001 and accelerated to 8.3% in 2002 and 9.5% in 2003. Moreover, Chinas trade link up as well as the fact that China is a well known net creditor puts her economy in a good position of become one of the strongest economies globally.China is also known to be a great buyer of the U.S. bonds implying that to some extent it has the capacity to determine the deficit that the U.S. can flirt considering the fact that the U.S. is among the biggest net debtors (McEachern). Friedman documents that China is the worlds greatest offshoring country to the extent that even the U.S is one of the beneficiaries of the attractive production prices in China. The Chinese knowledge system, with its emphasis on technical areas such as mathematics and sciences, has resulted in a situation where the wages of highly skilled workers in the U.S. are beginning to compete against Chinese workers who can do a similar job at a low price. According to Flanders, one of the latest forecasts by the planetary Monetary Fund (IMF) reveals that perhaps by 2016 the economy of China will surpass that of the U.S. The forecast predicts that there is a current wrangle of the budget in Washington. This in turn leads to the emergence of a number of questions

Koran Issues in Contemporary Middle Eastern History Essay

Koran Issues in Contemporary Middle Eastern History - Essay ExampleThe followers of Judaism and Christianity viz. Jews and Christians are referred to in Islam as the raft of the book because they too were sent messengers with scriptures. Differences between the three lie mainly in which prophets are recognized or not, the accepted books, interpretations of faith and teachings and so on. The Jews and Arabs historically are cousins set apart by the brothers Ishac (Isac) (A.S.) and Ismail (Ishmail) (A.S.) respectively, both descendents of prophet Ibrahim (A.S.). Between Christianity and Islam the notable differences come down to the belief in the oneness of Allah versus the doctrine of third that Jesus was a prophet like other prophets (Islamic view) or the son of God (orthodox Christian view), and so on. So, there is a very close human relationship between Islam, Judaism and Christianity and a great scope for mutual understanding and learning. Christians especially are potentially c loser to the Muslims because amongst these are men devoted to learning and men who have renounced the world and they are not arrogant. (585)The true concept of jihad in Islam is a comprehensive and constant struggle, effort or striving on an individual level and against ones ego (nafs). Its justification or purpose is purification of the soul In a moderate sense and as popularly perceived in the West, it also means a incorporated holy war against others especially infidels. It is therefore a collective obligation (fard al-kifayah) under certain circumstances. It should also be pointed out that jihad in this manner has certain conditions that must be met, also that the drive to drive in warfare is overridden by some conditions too. For example, in Surah Tauba (95-6) it appears that muslims are being enjoined to fight but this must cease if for instance, those who are being fought convert to Islam, postdate prayer, or seek asylum and pay the

Dangerous Liaison Vs Cruel Intentions Coursework

Dangerous Liaison Vs Cruel Intentions - Coursework ExampleCruel Intentions is a modern day adaptation of the novel with love, evil, gullibility and manipulation combined with chaste cynicism and lust for domination by the primary protagonists. The main characters in the novel were French aristocrats and adults, while the movie depicts the protagonists as young adults who combine manipulation and penalize to achieve their ulterior goals. The lack of social and moral authority which is denounced by Laclos in the novel is transformed into the lack of pargonntal influence on Catherine and Sebastian in the movie. The two siblings are free to pursue their dangerous game of playing with others feelings and spirits. The movie also has many erotic messages which create a mental number of what the protagonists is up-to. The novel on the other hand provides the action through a veil of language. Laclos establishes the hypocrisy of the main characters by a series of letters in which they sho w their various facets to different recipients. The movie highlights the hypocrisy of the lead characters in the opening credits as they get ready to mingle with society. Both Merteuil and Catherine are respected members of their societies without anyone their true nature. In Dangerous Liaisons, Valmont dies in a sword fight with Danceny. Before dying he gives him letters which would ruin the reputation of Merteuil. Her reputation is shattered and she eventually dies of misery. Cruel Intentions provides a more heroic and tragic ending of Sebastian who is killed in a car accident. He pushes Annette out of the care earlier being killed. Annette and Cecile ensure that Catherine is humiliated in front of the student body. Her drug addiction becomes public which tarnishes her reputation. The subject of drug abuse amongst young adults is a major theme of the movie.The movie also portrays the independence of modern women. Cecile and Annette fight back against the manipulation and deceit of

TABLE 1 References to Time Management Concept in EBSCO database by Essay

TABLE 1 References to Time Management Concept in EBSCO database by Decade - Essay ExampleAs per the given tabulations, the factored general variance within the cycles of the outputs and alternatively, these classifications argon deeply organized into behavioral models which work collectively with the predictable market and search models. In his analysis, Neville et al, (2005) illustrated that IT concepts were technically built from reading obtained from business models. The valuable strength management of a system is proportionally matched with the most ideal technological interpretations of the data warehouses and the information portal (Rainer and Thomas, 2004). An increasingly potent data is protectively commissioned through the required security features but the evaluation of a search provides an important platform. Ideally, the databases which contain these items are repeatedly factored and allocated particularly designed keywords called Keys.The technology itself works by c lassifying inputs, such as cost of the products, cumulative costs for different products, credit worth and the latest changes in prices. harmonize to Neville et al, (2005) the database search aspect also provide the clients with adequate information regarding customer behaviors, responses and the basic build up models of future customer trends (Neville, 20052000). The data mining systems are effective communication strategies which build a bulk emailing component in the system. The inclusion of discounts and general reduction of prices, these updates are automatically relayed to clients inboxes (Carson, 1990)The key beneficial trends of snip management are determined by the customer participations. These basically involve the relational implementation of the strategic time management phases. The specification of customer found information satisfaction is gained periodically by engaging the business trends with the people (Boulding et al., 2005).The core objective as per Carson, (1 990) is to enhance the views of customers in

European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European Union - Essay ExampleHowever, the idea of Europe cannot be entirely appreciatedwithout having the mentality of historical developing of the Europe continent prior tothe periods of World War II and by extension the recent integration process that has been realized in the United States of Europe.By definition, stagnation in economic sense implies that there is a noticeable cease in motion, progress or generally activity. The progress as salubrious as stagnation has been both customary and yet understandable stages in the elaboration of the European Union and its antecedent, the European Communities (EC). European integration has had a variety show of stop-and-go or an oscillating developmental pattern since the inception of the idea after the First World War (Louis Meuleman 2008 p. 401). Several factors have worked in a ask over to understanding and shaping the composition and the future of the Union, for example issues like the adoption of a Constitution for the EU the ex tension of EU membership to slot in ten new Member States the ballot vote to the European Parliament as comfortably as the recommendation of a novel European Commission.In the 70s there was huge realization of lack of advancing the idea of EU among the member states. Citizens of independent member states were duly considered the then obstacles to the strong establishment and expansion of the EU. For instance, citizens of nations like the Netherlands and France at one time are in record having voted for their countries to pull out of the EU, leaving the reform process. In this regard at to the lowest degree according to Cini, (2007, 442) Citizens continue to disengage from the EU institutions, including what is ostensibly their Parliament the richer member states are seeking to reduce their contribution to the EU budget rather than increase it to allow equitable treatment of the then new entrants in cohesion and agricultural aid. In fact the EU integration crisis in 70s Cini, (2007 , 442) continue to declare, precipitated a situation dabbed Eurosclerosis. Eurosclerosis she explains further that it is the time period when the political integration in Europe mired. Fundamentally, it was the outcome of authority decisions in member states and by extension precipitous prevailing lack of public concern in regarding the condition of the European integration. There was also member state party politics as well as ethnicity issues (Bache, Ian & Stephen George 2006 273). The principal issue here was how member states made policy decisions to shape their preferences regarding the EU (Folke, C., T. Hahn, P. Olsson, & J. Norberg, 2005 361). The independent member states held varied political culture as well as big picture opinions of their national interest and preferences. These factors are by extension shaped by complicated bundles of issue-specific factors which further depends on negotiations among the EU27 members and the apparent constantly shifting patterns of dom estic politics within each member states. A pretty good example, according to Cini (2007, p. 450) is the French Non to the Constitutional pact motivated by the then president. The French resisted the recommended liberalization of services in the Single Market which has been a prime EU policy, commonly called Bolkestein Directive. There is therefrom divergent views on

U.S. & Japanese History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

U.S. & japanese History - Essay ExampleThe essay is related to the background of the lacquerese history.The US-Japan economic relations are discussed in relevance to various example, then US-Japan defense and US-Japan social relations and US-Japan cultural relations are discussed.Then the treatment of Japanese citizens by the United States during the Second World War is discussed in a great detail. Lastly a conclusion is provided for at the end of the essay.The early Japanese people hunted and gathered food. Rice was introduced into the society in 300 BC. This led to the establishment of the societal hierarchy and numerous small villages (which later unite together to form lager tribes). Buddhism was introduced at around 538 BC. In 1912, during the First World War, Japan joined the Allied forces. During the Second World War (1937) Japan surrendered after two atomic bombs (one on Hiroshima and the other one on Nagasaki) were dropped. In 1942, Japan had a new constitution and in 1952, the Allied line of work of Japan ended (japan-guide.com).After the World War II, Japan held a very sympathetic position, in the creative activitys heart. Though the other countries had had damage, the nuclear bomb had been used in the two cities (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) of Japan. As a result of this, two cities were almost entirely wiped out of its people, natural habitat and wild life. And for generations to come people had health line of work to contend with. Babies were born with deformities, young people looked like they senior citizens and nothing can be grown in the earth of these two cities. Thus, the entire world felt very sympathetic of Japan. Japan on the other hand, learned from a first hand experience about the dirty side of war. To this day, Japan fights with countries, the world over to prevent them from gaining nuclear access. Japan, with the help of the nations around the globe built it self up from the rubble of World War II. It learned to be flexible, to keep i ts own heritage, but, at the same time be open to the ideas and experiences of the western world. Japanese society is one of the most conservative societies around the world. In addition, there is also a strict division between the roles of men and women. But, the Japanese people wear western clothes and their children listen to western harmony etc. This clearly shows a combination of the two worlds, the east and the west. By picking out the best in the two worlds Japan has been able to redo itself with amazing speed and has re-established itself as one of the foremost developed nations of the world. US-Japan Defense RelationsWith the USA organism a capitalistic country and Japan being a non-capitalistic one, there has always been a profound between the two nations. Whenever there is a difference between the types of governments in two countries friction is imminent.US-Japan kind RelationsIn his book The Clash, LaFeber (1997) talks about the many aspects in which the Japanese peo ple look-up to the Americans. One of the examples is that the Japanese dress like the Americans (though of course they hit their own national dresses). Baseball is another such aspect. Japanese ball teams have been formulated on the designs of their American counterparts. In fact, a number of American baseball players have been asked to come to Japan and play on their teams. US-Japan Cultural RelationsCultural conflict between the United States and Japan has been sufficiently summed up by Rosen (2000) as, Interpretations of Japan, as well as other Asian cultures, often carries an implicit assumption that the West is rational (and superior) whereas the East is bound by antiquated traditions (and is inferior). Oriental-ism has been identified as the particular form that a Western stereotypical understanding of Asian cultures has taken. Intercultural communication becomes highly problematic as long as stereotypes are

Benchmarking Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Benchmarking Model - Essay Example, systematic process of evaluating companies recognized as industry leaders, to determine business and work processes that establish best practices and establish rational performance goals (Zairi, 1998 13-14). The core principle of benchmarking is measurement and comparison involving the best practices, which helps significantly improve the existing practices and performance.It should be noted that the so-called best practices have different levels and in reality the most preferable type of the reference point or benchmark may not point exist either due to limited technological levels, scarce resources and/or time, etc. Consequently, the best available practices are used as reference points in this case, which helps set feasible performance goals in the environment by incorporating realistic practices into operations.Jarrar & Zairi (2001) performed a large survey of 227 organizations in 32 countries in order to record and assess the major tendenc ies and future directions of benchmarking. The survey results demonstrated that the practice of benchmarking was gaining prominence worldwide and across various industries, from manufacturing education. Also, Jarrar & Zairi (2001) listed several benefits of using benchmarking, namely improving woodland increasing speed of service improving processes understanding customer requirements setting internal standards influencing strategic decision- making process managing resources more effectively deploying resources and improving force management and changing leadership style within the organization. However, these benefits are available only to those whom are aware about the specifics of benchmarking process, and particularly such essential aspect as various types of benchmarking.There are four major types of benchmarking identified in the literature benchmarking against internal operations (Internal Benchmarking) benchmarking against external direct product competitors

Development of U.S Policy towards Native Americans and Tribal Essay

Development of U.S Policy towards endemic Americans and Tribal Government - Essay ExampleThe civilization followed by the Native Americans is ancient, but this ancient civilization and gray-haired traditions lead changed by time and the Native Americans have also changed their way of living and lifestyle with the changing gentleman and environment. The written record of the 10 million populated Native Americans can be found with the European conflict because the conflict era between the old and new world cultures came with the advent of European colonization. In that period of time, the philosophies of the cultures were clashed, religious institutions and centers were challenged, old world cultures were changed, and modern technologies were changed so this changed the entire picture of the historic time value of old and new world of history. As the colonial era of England was revolted and the United States established, Native Americans also got the chance to enroll as natives an d original habitants of their homelands. Native Americans have an exceptional association and liaison with the government of united states, and they have found their individual independent rights and provisions from the government of the united states to withstand according to their rights and beliefs in the form of bonded groups, nations and tribes so that they could maintain their own dignity and civilization to full extents. The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 grants the right of being U.S. citizens to all the Native Americans so that they could live independently and enjoy their lifestyles with full freedom and justification. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all non-citizen Native Americans born deep down the territorial limits of the United States be, and they are hereby, declared to be citizens of the United States Provided, That the granting of such citizenship shall not in any manner impair or otherwise incite the right of any Native American to tribal or other

Closing scene of Act One Essay Example for Free

Closing scene of Act One EssayIt is clear to the auditory sense that Catherine wants to disagree with Eddie but feels she is not eitherowed too conceive of various for herself. Beatrice will not let Catherine put up with Eddie treating her like a child anymore. She sits Catherine down to tell her that she needs to grow up and move external she before she becomes trapped by Eddie. An angered Beatrice says to Catherine in you still mean youre a little girl, honey..he cant give you orders no more This credit shows Beatrices frustration with Catherine, and therefore moth miller is succeeding in creating more salient stress because Beatrice shows her feelings to the other characters and the audience. Beatrice feels that Catherines naivety towards Eddie is destroying their marriage and ruining her own future. Eddie turns to Alfieri, he hints to him close his love for Catherine and his hatred towards Rodolfo.Alfieri understands how Eddie is feeling but cannot help him with his troubles, he tells Eddie that there is nothing illegal with Catherine falling in love with Rodolfo. Dramatic tension is caused again on the leg when Alfieri reinforces what Beatrice had previously told Eddie and he says the child has to grow up and go away and the man has to learn to forget. I think that the climax of dramatic tension happens in the closing scene of Act One .Eddie returns home to an extremely tense and claustrophobic apartment, he supposedly taught Rodolfo how to box but in Eddies mind he was challenging Rodolfo to a fight. Rodolfo escapes the mock boxing match with a slight graze, however I think that Catherine is so overwhelmed with Eddies attempt to entangle Rodolfo that she doesnt see through to his real thoughts. Miller has used this in the plot and it is significant to the storyline as it shows Eddies controlling behavior and how he likes to keep an agitate fist over the apartment.Beatrice and Catherine are now worried over the safety of Rodolfo. Rod olfo is nervous and unsure about the angry Eddie who is full of passionate hate for him. later on the fight, Rodolfo and Eddies characters act together to add more dramatic tension to the run low scene of the first act. There is evidence of this occurring when he takes her hand. Rodolfo takes her in his arms. In my opinion, this aggravates Eddies place and it stirs up his emotions. The self-destructible Eddie is trapped in the claustrophobic apartment with no place to go and is forced to sit and watch them dance together.The climax of dramatic tension during Act One then happens in the last scenes when a silent Marco, who has been sitting quietly in the background, steps out and retaliates to Eddies behaviour towards his younger brother. Marco succeeding(a) challenges Eddie to a chair lifting contest. Marco shows Eddie how he can lift a chair over his head using only one hand, Eddie attempts to prove himself worthy of the equivalent thing but fails. Miller adds this part of the scene to the play because it shows the two strong dominant men battling it out to show who is the prevailing male of the household.I think that this is Marcos silent warning to Eddie that says lay off my brother. There is now pressure on Eddie who was previously the strongest character and this causes the dramatic tension to carry on increasing. One aspect of the play, that in writing that can be noticed is that Miller is very specific in his stage directions. A quote I have taken from Millers stage directions reads Marco is face to face with Eddie a strained tension gripping his eyes and jaw his neck stiff the chair brocaded like a weapon over eddies head. The way he uses stage directions allows the audience to see the emotions and feelings that the characters are undergoing. I think that this assists in maintaining the dramatic tension throughout the play as it is giving the audience a clear image of what each of the characters truly feels and also their state of mind. Eddie has now been driven to insistency his self destruct button when he makes the call to the immigration office that he cannot undo. After this we have reached the peak point in the story.I think this because Eddie has now betrayed his family and there is now a vendetta between Marco and Eddie. Because of the mafia code that Marco follows he believes that there is only one way to resolve the spatial relation Eddie must die. Now that the audience are aware of this the dramatic tension has reached its climax, the audience are sitting waiting for the tragic death of Eddie Carbone- the plays tragic hero. The last quote that Alfieri uses in the play is that most of the time no we settle for half and I like it better In my opinion I think that this is Alfieris way of telling the moral of the story.If Eddie had only settled for half he would still be alive and the family would be happy, but most importantly of all , Catherine who he has always been so eager to please. From my essay I have show n how Miller cleverly farms dramatic tension and maintains it throughout his play. The dramatic techniques Miller uses to create this are his precise stage directions dramatic irony at the start of the play and the use of his climatic points. The dramatic irony is important because it means the audience are aware of something that the characters are not.Also, Millers use of climatic points rite through the play generate tension between the characters, he uses this dramatic device wisely by accumulating lots of intense moments. However, I think the most important technique that Miller use to create his dramatic tension is specific stage directions. I think this because it creates an intimate and claustrophobic atmosphere on the set on which the characters live. He creates zones on the stage were the action takes place, this changes the entire atmosphere of the play. These zones that Miller has created make it more intimate and therefore adds dramatic tension.

Reflective Statement Essay Example for Free

Reflective Statement EssayFor this module, we are required to do an assignment with regards of SME company. The purpose of writing the report is to analyze the key internal issues the management is likely to face when strategizing their marketing formula. Besides, we are also required to take into account a practical recommendation for the company. For this project, the class was divided into 3 hosts and each class consists of 3 members. My group members are Miss Tai Geok Yeong and Miss Sharanya.Discussions among group members were held 4 times, on the 29th October, 2nd November, 4th November and 6th November, respectively. Besides of our normal eeting in college, the discussions also were held through the MSN chat and email. Each of our group members was allocated with tax and although conflicts arise during the discussion, we still managed to solve the problem. In my opinion, conflict in a group is not necessarily bad and we use several of techniques in aim to resolve con flicts like compromising and exercises work delegation.Throughout completing the task CareKoolTint Sdn Bhd, I have gained lots of new information about SME and the company. In separate to get more facts about the company, we held an inter deliberate with one of their sales representatives on 2nd November 2009. From the 1 hour interview, we managed to gather the information needed for this project, which for example are, their genuine marketing strategies and the companys internal issues.One important lesson I learnt from the interview is that, even though small firms is not properly structured, it does not mean that SMEs do not engage in marketing. It is only that, they are doing marketing according to their own terms and not according to a theoretical framework. Other than interviewing the sales representatives, my group and I also did a research based from their websites and also by reading books. It is important so that e will have a broader view on the business environment an d help us to write the task more accurately.In order to complete the task, I read Marketing and Entrepreneurship in SMEs, Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler and Fundamentals of Management to have a better understanding about SME and its management as well as several websites cerebrate to the topic which for example SME Info Portal. This whole process, I believe has improved both my knowledge and skills. I learnt how to work with others as a team, it taught me how to compromise as I need to be open in accepting other people ideas or opinion and also in handling conflicts.In supplement to that, basically, I am more knowledgeable on this topic. From the research, I discovered various type of SME in Malaysia which can classified under 3 menage that are Primary Agriculture, Manufacturing (including Agro-Based) MRS, Services Sector (including CT) . Furthermore, I am also more aware on characteristics needed to be an entrepreneur, and one essential feature they must have is to b e a risk taker. This is important as SME business environment is very uncertain and whenever they make a wrong decision, it whitethorn affect their business as a whole.

How Are Dreams Proved to Be Futile in of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

How Are Dreams Proved to Be Futile in of Mice and Men EssayDreams in Of Mice and Men is influenced under the metrical composition To A Mouse by Robert Burns and the relationship between the poem and the raw is seen through the build-up to the characters hopes and day- reveries at the time of the great inflation and how they struggled to keep up with their ambitions.The context in both texts put acrossly portrays the death of the future plans the working class keep to at that time and the writers do this to illustrate the chances of normal mountain succeeding and how being born into a hierarchy means that youre destined to a class in society. In Of Mice and Men, Lennie is introduced with a shapeless causa and animal imaging is used to signify his strength, bear drags his paws, this portrayal of Lennie sets him apart from George in the hierarchy.As the story develops the readers understanding of Georges and Lennies relationship does to, the reader realises that the theme t hat keeps both the key protagonists motivated is the inhalation. This is further developed when Steinbeck introduces the dream for the first time, I remember about the rabbits, George, it is clear to the readers that Lennie is academically weak and in order for him to remember about the dream indicated how much it means to him and its maybe the thing that matters to him most. nevertheless early in the novel Steinbeck uses animal imagery to foreshadow the death of Lennie and the death of the dream, shoot you for a coyote, the author highlights his vulnerability and his death in the future to suggest that his weakness academically is what possibly lead him to his death. In the beginning of the novel George gets into a quarrel with Lennie about ketchup, we aint got any, during Georges rant he clearly emphasizes on what he sees as the American dream in comparison to what they both see.George leads on to imply that Lenny is a road block to his dream and this is partially genuine as it is what Lennie did towards the end of the novel that killed the chances of the dream. Georges dream can be considered as a typical working class dream as it isnt very promising and has no future outlook. The death of the dream in Of Mice and Men seems to be blames on a certain individual, the death of George and Lennies dream is blamed on Lennie and later in the novel we learn that the death of Curleys married womans is because of her ol lady.In the novel Curleys wife is portrayed as a social outcast alongside the nigga but this time because of her gender as they lived in a sexist society. However beneath her make up her interior reveals her dreams and how they were crushed as well, the reader also finds out that her sexual weapon is to grab the attention of the ranch workers as no one gave her the recognition she wanted. Curleys wifes dream is fully revealed towards the end of the novel with her explain it to Lennie, she clearly illustrates her very independent dream however it is also clear that she is very dependent on men when it comes to making the dream a reality.This maybe the reason why her dream was locked forth and only brought out when she needed it to emotionally look tush at it considering that she lived in a mens society it means that women are held back from what they wanted to do and were expected become a housewife. This is the main road block that Curleys wife comes across making her dream futile. Throughout the novel the reader realises that the characters that were too eager for their dream (Lennie and Curleys wife) reaches their destiny, quite dramatically, with their death.It seems that both characters had something in common lack of power, the protagonists had a lack of power center that they were vulnerable to society however Curleys wife attempted to cover it by putting on a lot of makeup but it is clear that your weakness will eventually go against you. Furthermore both characters dream was clearly futile from the beginning of th e novel as both characters seemed to depend on another person in order for their dreams to succeed.In Lennies case it was George and Curleys wife needed a man. Steinbeck reinforces the themes of Power and powerlessness with links to the dream to suggest that there is some sort of bond with making the dream and having the power to make it. This portrayal in Of Mice and Men illustrated not only the situation that succeeding during the Great Depression was very limited but the fact that without power or status, which both characters lacked in, the chances of making the dream was nil.

Environmental Sustainability Practices with ICT

environmental Sustainability Practices with ICTMGDI60701Implementing Environmental Sustainability Practices in Developing Countries through ICTWordcount 4370 (excluding references)IntroductionAn outstanding attri notwithstandinges of ICT ( teaching and communication theory technology) is its crosscutting aspect and its speed, with regards to quick adaptation (Pohjola, 2003). For instance, about four decades agone television broadcasting, landline telephone and postal deliveries were the key mediators in the flow of breeding, but this flow of information occurred only on one direction. User-generated content was in truth minimal. However, in the current day and age, countries around the world have been more than interconnected via several facilities of ICT and the flow of information happens in multiple directions, with very weighted influence of personar-generated content in particular through social media (Yin et al., 2012). ICT has not only bug outd to be a significant indu stry on itself but has pervaded all aspects in day-to-day feeling. Studies have indicated that ICT has a remarkable impact on socio-economic development generally, and environmental sustainability specifically. Whereas this could be true, in maturation countries such(prenominal) as Nigeria little explore has been achieved in pinpointing the approaches through which ICT could be harnessed for environmental sustainability. There exists no consensus on the definition of exploitation clownish from the United Nations or the World stick, and this take apart has adopted the definition of developing country that has been offered by Library of Congress, which is a country whereby the majority of population makes far less income, and has significantly weaker social indicatorsand a lot lacks basic public services-than the population in highly-industrialized countries (LOC, 2016, p. 1).This paper is based on literature review and it investigates how ICT can be harnessed in implementing environmental sustainability practices in developing countries.Overview of environmental crisisOne global concreteity existing today is environmental crisis. The International Telecommunications Union, a specialized agency of the United Nations, has do the instruction that the existing change magnitude concern about life on planet earth is heavily influenced by the impact of humans on the environment, particularly native environment (Schwabach, 2006). In that manner, improving resource wariness practices, raising aw beness, getting to sustainable development as surface as enhancing the environmental performance makes up the key issues which require worldwide attention. International community has asserted this point by encompassing environmental sustainability to be part of MDGs (Millennium Development Goals). Achieving environmental sustainability withal demands strategies that ar innovative. In light of this, aw beness of the nature of environmental challenges in develop ing countries is a key requirement. With regards to developing countries, environmental crisis happens to be a real occurrence and the impact has been widely felt physically, economically and socially.In the Fox (2004) study assessing environmental degradation in one developing country, Tanzania, the study discovered that on that point ar big environmental disasters in that country to affect that big rivers were drying up. Practices leading to this included severe deforestation and clearance of natural vegetation for agriculture purposes. Apart from drying up of rivers and increased river sedimentation, reduced rainfall has in any case impacted on the health of the citizens in the region and has undermined the possibility of sustainable development. Tanzania has been shown to be requiring a number of approaches so as to address these challenges that have been posed by such an environmental crisis. Affirming a capacity of ICTs in enhancing the environmental sustainability in deve loping countries, ICTs have been contended to be having the skill of playing a significant voice in developmental and economic sectors (Kapurubandara Lawson, 2006). Nonetheless ICT has been demonstrated to be conf employ and multifaceted, and its environmental impact could both be honest or adverse. This implies that a careful planning on how to integrate ICT in environmental sustainability practices of the developing countries is highly important. As a result of this, the following section analyses whether and how ICT can assist in delivering the environmental sustainability goal in developing countries.ICT for environmental sustainability practices in developing countriesHoughton (2009) as well as Minasyan (2006) discovered that an intricate alliance exists between ICT and the environment. This is ascribable to the observation that ICTs could have both unequivocal and negative procedures with regards to the environment. Some of the positive roles have been demonstrated to be break off sinew efficiency, recycle and substitution for travel/transport negative roles have been demonstrated to be energy consumption, increasing amounts of e-waste such as from discarded CRT monitors and low life cycle of the products (ITU, 2008). Being a medium for networking and information, it has been demonstrated that ICT has the capability of enabling citizens in the developing countries to adopt the role of environmental enforcement agents and alert the authorities to acts of environmental infringement. A boniface of important environmental aspects have been identify whereby ICT could be used and as such enhance environmental sustainability.Environmental studiesThe possible role of ICT in environmental sustainability practices starts with the usefulness of ICT in environmental studies. International Telecommunications Union has reiterated that ICT offers an unprecedented capability to collecting and processing environmental entropy which far outweighs the capabi lity of any person and whitethorn encompass the whole terrestrial system. From the complex environment, ICT could assist in simplifying and understanding impact of mankind on environment. This can be achieved through the aid of increasingly interconnected and powerful platforms of computing which have been combined with great(p) information databases. Moreover, ICT has been identified as a significant tool for carrying out empirical studies relating to environmental issues. It has previously been observed that new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) may represent appropriate tools to support environmental research and its transmission to policy-makers and the general public (Chiabai et al., 2013, p.89). In aggregate, development ICT to carry out environmental studies is associated with a host of economic and scientific benefits as well as having a political implication. Some of the scientific benefits have been shown to be enhanced multidisciplinary studies. Political implications of using ICT are that interface with the policy-makers can be created, and citizens can participate in the decision-making processes concerning environmental sustainability practices.Environmental observationICT can be used for environmental observation in the developing countries (Houghton, 2009). Generally, the environmental systems are made up of terrestrial and aquatic categories. The terrestrial component is made up of forests, grasslands, mountains and so forth whereas the aquatic components is made up of marine, freshwater, wetlands and so forth. Tools of ICT that can be employed in these developing countries include remote sensing, telemetric systems among differents. This observation can lead to split up supervise of the environmental practices. The e-monitoring systems can be used as environmental screening tools as well as mapping tools which offer the relevant authorities reliable data with which to highlight pollution issues, and these can then be appli ed for further evaluating and analysing the environmental concern. E-monitoring could offer both summary data and detailed data in the developing countries for both environmental and demographic attributes.For example, ICT has been applied in monitoring the deforestation of the Amazon forest in Brazil satellite imagery is used in identifying deforestation and this is then mapped on a geographic information system (GIS). Data from this GIS has been made public in Brazil in young years and this offers greater public awareness on the environmentally destructive practices. Data from this GIS has been identified to have been very instrumental in effecting policy changes in Brazil, which have included crafting, implementing and enforcing legislations for controlling deforestation, and gazetting more protected areas. It is common for forest rangers to go to areas showing deforestation activity from the satellite imagery received in combination with Global Positioning System (GPS), and the n take necessary action to prevent further deforestation activity. Nonetheless slightly challenges have been identified in this approach the GIS offer low resolution and thus offer only a rough identification concerning the deforested area the Amazon is big but the rangers have limited capacity as such the data from the system is not used in real time (Hayes Rajao, 2011).Moreover, in developing countries where the earnings penetration is low, radio calls and quick telephones could be applied in reporting environmental degradation activities and for facilitating community mobilization to confront such activities.Mitigation of humour changeActivities to mitigate against mode change are targeted at minimizing the negative impacts of the temper change on the environment. Several manners exist which ICTs can be applied in mitigating against environmental impacts in developing countries, such as through observation and monitoring as previous mentioned, through enabling better effic iency in utilization of resources, via dematerialization for example e-books instead of paper-printed books, through substitution for transport for example video conferencing instead of travel. A number of studies such as Patt Schrotter (2008) exist showing how ICT can assist in mitigating against climate change. Developing countries face a host of challenges with regards to providing infrastructure as the economies grow. The challenges in meeting the growing demands have been shown to be driving the investments in these developing countries towards solutions that present more energy efficiency.For example, limitations on the capacity of electricity generation and the transmission have resulted into more development of wound grid in China and India. This has led to an improved energy efficiency level and has reduced the expansion rate of the coal-powered electricity plants. These smart grids have been shown by Boccaletti et al. (2008) to have resulted into reduced degree centigra de emissions as a result of lower use of the coal-powered plants. ICTs have played a major role in improving the efficiency in addition to controlling and managing power grids. The impact that ICT plays in the smart grids has been detailed in studies that have been issued by Bolton and Foxon (2011).With the investments in infrastructure for the next three decades taking place currently, this presents opportunities for developing countries to jump into the smart grid bandwagon, minimise power loss and gain from greater energy efficiency. For instance, in India, North Delhi Power has invested in smart grid (Balijepalli et al., 2010).However, whatsoever concerns have been raised increased efficiency might result into more use of the ICT-enabled energy saving features, which consequently leads to more energy being used and this cancels out the previous gains. Recognizing this challenge, the government of China, has recently come up with the China labor Systems Energy Conservation Prog ram which would assist in meeting the targets of energy efficiency (McKane et al., 2003).Easing environmental pressureAfter the collection and storage of the environmental data via observation, a number of ICT tools could be used in computing and processing so as to carry out analysis. For instance, environmental poser software system as well as grid computing has been of assistance in the awareness of how the ecosystems function as well as the environmental complexities. Developing countries, oddly in Africa, are highly dependent on agriculture even though the modes of farming are largely inefficient. Managing, monitoring and mapping waterways, forests and lands are some of the important actions that improve the sustainability of the environment and efficiency of practices in such countries (Longley, 2005).Geographic information systems offer significant opportunities in waterway and land management and monitoring in Africa, Himalayan region and South East Asia (Minasyan, 2006). Just like everywhere else, information is very important in making it possible for battalion to undertake choices that are more sustainable and get the benefits from their activities, in addition to support, awareness and education. In developing countries there are various examples on how mobile phones as well as wireless connection can offer a massive opportunity in handling environmental pressure where unyielding telephone lines are not developed (World Bank, 2012). For instance, initiatives include using geographical information system in Lake Victoria of East Africa, to offer support to the management of natural resources (Scheren et al., 2000). In the Pearl River Delta of China, it is common to have an integrated ecosystem modelling, sensing and monitoring (Weng, 2001). By observing how vulnerable the rural communities in developing countries are, Tyler Fajber (2009) observed the significance of having information access. For instance, in the Philippines, one mobile servic e provider SMART partnered with Manila Observatory to offer telemetric rain gauge and telephones in areas which are prone to environmental disasters like landslides. The local farmers assess the rain gauge and submit the information to the Manila Observatory, whereas the Manila Observatory could also utilise these telephones to wear the farmers early warnings (Houghton, 2010).Adaptation to climate changeOffering early warnings as well as monitoring of events that are induced by climate change, such as tsunami or drought, plays a very significant role. In developing countries, ICT has enabled a number of initiatives.One example is a network that has been funded by USAID called famine Early type Systems Network (FEWS NET). This network brings together national and regional partners in offering information concerning the arising and changing issues on food security. The FEWS NET participants in developing countries analyse and monitor the information concerning the climate so as to understand the possible threats and effects on livelihoods. After they have been identified, the FEWS NET utilizes a host of ICTs in aiding the decision makers (Verdin et al., 2005).A second example is the PreventionWeb which caters to the information demands of the community seeking disaster risk reduction. The ICT-enabled activities under PreventionWeb include tools for exchanging information. ICTs have also been utilized in coming up with impact models, that have been used by decision makers and practitioners in making predictions on the agricultural effects of the climate change. Such impact models have been used in developing countries such as South Africa, whereby it was shown that there exists a correlation between a move production of dry land staple and heightened historical temperature (Dube Jury, 2000) in Nigeria whereby an EPIC model was used in giving forecasts on the crop yields in the 20 first century (Adejuwon, 2008) in Egypt whereby the production of crops under the existing climatic conditions was compared with the conditions that were modelled for the year 2050 (Abdel-Gawadh et al., 2004), as well as the Thornton et al. (2009) study which mapped African regions in basis of their vulnerability to climate change. In the same manner, GIS as well as remote sensing are used by the International Crops Research be for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) to investigate the patterns of rainfall in Africa and Asia.By identifying the vulnerable areas, ICTs make it possible to implement various responses, whereby information networks have a significant role to play.Technology transfer for environment sustainability practicesICTs play a key role in technology transfer for environment sustainability practices. The Bali Action Plan entailed that developed countries assist the developing countries to pursue mitigation activities appropriate to each nation with regards to sustainable development, and at the same time not compromise the growth of those count ries, through a transfer of technology and finance from the developed countries. One such technology transfer is through a clearinghouse for technology information called TTclear. This provides an internet-based platform for information sharing in order to access a number of information sources such as case studies (Houghton, 2009). An objective is in offering information that is expensive to the various stakeholders on matters related to technology transfer, in order to mitigate and adapt to climate change. The TTclear platform targets developing countries to consider the opportunities regarding technology transfer by assisting such countries gain an awareness of the available technologies. The platform also makes it possible to exchange views and experiences on developing and transferring technology.Another platform that exists is called GIS Development. This refers to a Geospatial Communication Network promoting the utilization of GIS applications and the GIS technology in devel oping countries. GIS Development aids the governments and communities in the developing countries to enhance their management capabilities, policies and productivity through facilitation of acquaintance transfer. Moreover, GIS Development fosters increasing network of persons interested in geo-informatics, encouraging a scientific know-how exchange (Ramachandra Kumar, 2010).By fusing the information provided with education and research, these platforms offer experience, expertise and information touching on adapting to environmental changes. Such flows of information play significant roles in the transfer of technology into the developing countries.Planning and environmental strategy undecomposed decision-making needs to happen using the information that is available. As such, environmental information which has been picked by observing and has been evaluated by using the technology happens to be relevant in the decision-making, planning and formulation of policies. By utilizing I CTs, such a process entails classifying a host of environmental issues (Houghton, 2009). For instance, the environmental information that can be applied in agriculture could be elicited via using ICTs. The International Telecommunications Union has argued that the monitoring systems which use ICTs could be created to predict the effect of the manmade and natural disasters in developing as well as developed countries. For example, one important tool in the environmental planning is the Environmental sham judgment (Hayes Rajao, 2011). A developing country seeking for loans from World Bank needs to demonstrate environmental planning which is produced via an Environmental Impact Assessment. This shows that ICTs could be of assistance in this respect by, among other things, enhancing the communications between the different stakeholders in the collection of the environmental information. Apart from this stakeholder engagement, ICTs could also assist in making informed decisions, deliv ery of policy, learning and feedback as well as capacity building in the institutions (Ospina Heeks, 2011).The Resilience Assessment Benchmarking and Impact Toolkit (RABIT) frameworkOne framework that can be applied is the Resilience Assessment Benchmarking and Impact Toolkit (RABIT) which has recently been used by Ospina Heeks (2016) to gauge the effect on resilience of ICTs in two developing countries, Uganda and Costa Rica. Instead of trying to be a kind of cross-country benchmarking, the RABIT framework can be applied on a country-specific basis, and it would get the specific countrys representatives to undertake a discussion on the link between ICTs and the sub-properties of resilience which are rapidness, equality, diversity and flexibility, scale, self-organization, robustness, learning and redundancy. From this, the developing country representatives can derive relevance, meaning, priority and so forth, for their specific country. This can emerge to be a productive approa ch forward in looking to strengthen the link between ICTs and the resilience in developing countries. The RABIT framework is especially appropriate for developing countries since they are most vulnerable to the impacts of stressors and external shocks, including being the first to be affected by climate change as a result of lacking mitigating infrastructure. Some of the key characteristics or markers of resilience are shown in table 1 belowTable 1 Markers of resilience fit to the RABIT frameworkAttribute of resilienceMarkers Attributes that are foundationalLearningReflective thinkingCapacity buildingSelf-organizationLocal leadershipConsensus-building and collaborationRobustnessinstitutional capacityPhysical preparedness Attributes that are enablingEqualityAccountability and opennessParticipation and inclusivenessFlexibility and diversityMechanism for innovationDecision-making that is adaptable photographic plateNetworks that are intra-levelNetworks that are multi-levelRapidityReso urce mobilizationRapid detection and assessment of issuesRedundancyFunctional overlapSubstitutability of resourceAdapted from Ospina Heeks (2016, p.20)The markers are equally applicable in developing countries down to the community level. The RABIT framework can be implemented through document review followed by conducting counselling groups, semi-structured interviews and surveys on the communities in developing countries (Ospina Heeks, 2016).ICTs could be used to strengthen the resilience in the developing countries. In 2012, a report by the World Bank highlighted the roles that ICTs play in preventing the impacts of emergencies induced by climate change in the developing countries of Africa (World Bank, 2012). The report sought to achieve an understanding of the trends of ICTs impacts that could be existing in developing countries that had analogous structures of political economy, in relation to leveraging the ICT in the public sectors. From this World Bank report, GIS aids t he local governments to identify on a map, the zones that are at flood risk, gauge the vulnerability of the community towards the floods and plan for new infrastructure that would prevent floods. Some ICTs tools used include Early example Systems which were used in simulating patterns of weather and predicting disasters (World Bank, 2012). In this way, ICTs can be said to have the potential of strengthening the resilience in the developing countries. This is also referred to as e-resilience. This can be done through improving each of the attributes of resilience as noted by (Ospina Heeks, 2011) rapidity, equality, diversity and flexibility, scale, self-organization, robustness, learning and redundancy. For instance, with regards to redundancy, mobile phones or other ICTs could be used in delivering resources whereas with regards to robustness, GIS can utilised in planning where physical defences such as dykes can be located.The future and potential challenges of using the Resilien ce Assessment Benchmarking and Impact Toolkit (RABIT) framework for implementing environmental sustainability practices in one developing country, TanzaniaGovernmental as well as non-governmental organizations in Tanzania report that some of the environmental problems in the country include unsustainable and illegal deforestation as most Tanzanians rely on firewood for energy needs overgrazing an unsustainable management of range due to large cattle sizes putting pressure on the natural carrying capacity of the land high levels of water and air pollution as well as unsustainable and illegal exploitation of wildlife (Mniwasa Shauri, 2001).The RABIT framework can be applied to improve environmental sustainability practices in Tanzania. The RABIT framework helps in building resilience and this presents huge opportunities for introducing tidy and lasting changes across Tanzania with regards to environmental sustainability practices. ICTs can support the relevance of the RABIT framewor k in Tanzania. There is an increasing penetration of mobile phone usage in Tanzania, more than any other ICT in the country (Van Genuchten, 2012 Fox, 2004). There has also been a rise in social media use in Tanzania, and this has especially helped with the rapidity attribute of the RABIT framework. Users can generate the content on where they see environmental degradation activities. The fast pace of the uptake and penetration of mobile telephony in Tanzania has supported many breakthrough ideas in environmental sustainability, as was observed by Fox (2004).However, these developments have been accompanied by considerable challenges and potential threats to the cleverness of ICT in supporting the implementation of environmentally sustainable practices, in Tanzania. One such challenge lies in the scale and sustainability of the programs initiated. The initiatives are relatively ad-hoc and happen in individual isolated regions of Tanzania, such as the study by Fox (2004) which concen trated the initiatives in only in the regions of Usangu Catchment, Ihefu Wetland and Great Ruaha River Ecosystem. As such, thus there are very limited large-scale and sustainable ICT-supported initiatives taking place in Tanzania. In order to bring out the total potential of ICT in the country, there needs to be a new inter-regional collaboration in order to enlarge the scale of the impacts.A second challenge in Tanzania is in the pace of change of ICTs. Technology is a very dynamic concept, and one thing that might work perfectly today may be rendered rare in few years (Chiabai et al., 2013). For instance, mobile telephone calls have largely replaced radio calls in regions of Tanzania that had inexistent telephone landlines (Van Genuchten, 2012), and in turn mobile phone calls are increasingly being replaced by instant messaging apps such as Whatsapp (Shearman, Olomi, Patel, 2013). This has happened in a space of less than ten years, all with the aim of achieving better efficienc y. Similarly, radio communication which was popular in Tanzania where landline infrastructure was non-existent has increasingly been replaced by mobile telephony (Balijepalli et al., 2010).The costs involved in replacing the out of date ICTs could be challenging to a poor country like Tanzania, especially if incurred on a large scale.Conclusion and RecommendationsThe paper has observed that an intricate relationship exists between ICT and the environment. This is due to the observation that ICTs could have both positive and negative roles with regards to the environment. Some of the positive roles have been demonstrated to be better energy efficiency, recycling and substitution for travel/transport negative roles have been demonstrated to be energy consumption, increasing amounts of e-waste such as from discarded CRT monitors and low life cycle of the products. Being a medium for networking and information, it has been demonstrated that ICT has the capability of enabling citizens i n the developing countries to adopt the role of environmental enforcement agents and alert the authorities to acts of environmental infringement. A host of important environmental aspects have been identified whereby ICT could be used and as such enhance environmental sustainability. ICT plays significant role in environmental studies as it offers an unprecedented capability to collecting and processing environmental data environmental observation through tools such as remote sensing, telemetric systems among others mitigating climate change through activities such as developing smart grid in China and India easing environmental pressure through environmental modelling software as well as grid computing adaptation to climate change through tools such as Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) technology transfer as a result of the Bali Action Plan planning and environmental strategy through tools such as the Environmental Impact Assessment, and building resilience through ra pidity, equality, diversity and flexibility, scale, self-organization, robustness, learning and redundancy. In future, the technologies that are likely to support these ICT activities in developing countries with respect to environmentally sustainable practices include mobile telephony, internet, social media, digital data, cloud computing and increasing presence of smartphones. Challenges lie in the scale and sustainability of the programs initiated as well as the promptly shifting technology that may be expensive for the ICT initiatives in the long run. Moreover, ICT has been demonstrated to be complex and multifaceted, and its environmental impact could both be beneficial or adverse. ICT can assist in delivering the environmental sustainability goal in developing countries but there needs to be a new multi-national collaboration level in order to enlarge the scale of the impacts of the ICT initiatives in environmental sustainability practices. One framework that can be applied i s the Resilience Assessment Benchmarking and Impact Toolkit (RABIT) which has recently been applied successfully in two developing countries.ReferencesAbdel-Gawadh, S.T., Kandil, M. and Sadek, T.M. (2004). Water scarcity prospects in Egypt 2000-2050. In Environmental Challenges in the Mediterranean 2000-2050 (pp. 187-203). Springer Netherlands.Adejuwon, J.O. (2008). exposure in Nigeria A national-level assessment. Climate Change and Vulnerability, pp. 198-217.Balijepalli, V.M., Khaparde, S.A., Gupta, R.P. and Pradeep, Y. (2010). SmartGrid initiatives and power market in India. In IEEE PES General Meeting (pp. 1-7). IEEE.Boccaletti, G., Lffler, M. and Oppenheim, J.M. (2008). How IT can cut carbon emissions. McKinsey Quarterly, 37, pp. 37-41.Bolton, R. and Foxon, T.J. (2011). Governing infrastructure networks for a low carbon